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Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN)

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Identification
Molecular formula
C5H8N4O12
CAS number
78-11-5
IUPAC name
[1-(2,3-dinitrooxypropoxymethyl)-2-nitrooxy-ethyl] nitrate
State
State

At room temperature, pentaerythritol tetranitrate is a solid. It is typically in a crystalline state and remains stable under standard conditions.

Melting point (Celsius)
141.30
Melting point (Kelvin)
414.45
Boiling point (Celsius)
250.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
523.00
General information
Molecular weight
316.15g/mol
Molar mass
316.1460g/mol
Density
1.7700g/cm3
Appearence

Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) is a white, crystalline solid. It is odorless and tasteless and has a similar appearance to table sugar. The crystals can take on a fibrous appearance.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of [1-(2,3-Dinitrooxypropoxymethyl)-2-nitrooxy-ethyl] Nitrate

The solubility of [1-(2,3-dinitrooxypropoxymethyl)-2-nitrooxy-ethyl] nitrate is influenced by several factors that are important to consider:

  • Polarity: This compound exhibits significant polarity due to the presence of multiple nitro (NO2) groups, which can interact favorably with polar solvents like water.
  • Functional Groups: The dinitrooxy and ethyl nitrate functionalities contribute to its potential solubility in both polar and some non-polar solvents, though it is primarily soluble in polar environments.
  • Temperature Effects: As with many compounds, increasing temperature may enhance solubility, making the compound more amenable to dissolution in various solvents.

It is often observed that:

  • Compounds with a greater number of functional groups tend to have increased solubility in polar solvents.
  • Hydrogen bonding capabilities may also play a role, particularly with water molecules.

In summary, while [1-(2,3-dinitrooxypropoxymethyl)-2-nitrooxy-ethyl] nitrate has the potential for solubility in polar solvents, its actual behavior may vary depending on environmental conditions such as temperature and the solvent used. Understanding these solubility characteristics is pivotal in its application in chemical processes.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about 1-(2,3-dinitrooxypropoxymethyl)-2-nitrooxy-ethyl Nitrate

1-(2,3-dinitrooxypropoxymethyl)-2-nitrooxy-ethyl nitrate, often referred to in research and discussions as a nitrate ester, prompts several fascinating facts that intrigue both chemists and students alike:

  • Energy Density: Nitrate esters, including this compound, are known for their high energy density, making them important in the field of explosive materials. Their structure allows for rapid energy release under suitable conditions.
  • Applications: While primarily studied for potential use in military and aerospace applications, such compounds are also explored in pyrotechnics and in the development of advanced propellants.
  • Substitution Reactions: The presence of multiple nitro- and ether groups in its structure makes this compound a rich subject for studying substitution reactions. This can lead to significant variations in properties when modified.
  • Safety Considerations: Like many chemicals in the nitrate family, safety is paramount. Understanding their stability and potential reactivity contributes to safer handling in laboratories and industrial settings.
  • Research Interest: Ongoing research aims to better understand how modifications to the nitration pattern can influence the performance profile of these compounds, which may lead to safer alternatives or enhanced functionality.

In conclusion, 1-(2,3-dinitrooxypropoxymethyl)-2-nitrooxy-ethyl nitrate serves as an exceptional example of how chemical modifications can dramatically affect properties and applications. As a compound rich in both practical applications and theoretical intrigue, it continues to capture the attention of chemists across the globe.

Synonyms
Diglycerol tetranitrate
Tetranitro diglycerin
20600-96-8
1,2-PROPANEDIOL, 3,3'-OXYDI-, TETRANITRATE
2,3-dinitroxypropyl ether
DTXSID60942790
Tetranitro diglycerin [Forbidden]
SKKBQEZMHMDRLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Oxydi(propane-3,1,2-triyl) tetranitrate
[1-(2,3-Dinitrooxypropoxy)-3-nitrooxypropan-2-yl]nitrate