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Citrate

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Identification
Molecular formula
C6H5O7
CAS number
77-92-9
IUPAC name
2-(carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxy-butanedioate
State
State

At room temperature, citrate is typically found as a solid, more specifically as a crystalline powder.

Melting point (Celsius)
153.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
426.15
Boiling point (Celsius)
230.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
503.15
General information
Molecular weight
192.12g/mol
Molar mass
192.1240g/mol
Density
1.6650g/cm3
Appearence

Citrate, in its salt form, commonly appears as a white crystalline powder. It is odorless and has a sour taste.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of 2-(carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxy-butanedioate (C6H5O7)

The solubility of 2-(carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxy-butanedioate, commonly known as citric acid, is an intriguing aspect that contributes to its widespread applications in various fields.

Key Points on Solubility:

  • Water Solubility: Citric acid is highly soluble in water, with solubility values typically exceeding 50 g/L at room temperature. This property is attributed to its polar functional groups, which can interact favorably with water molecules.
  • Temperature Dependence: The solubility of citric acid in water increases with rising temperature. This characteristic allows for effective use in solutions requiring higher concentrations.
  • pH Influence: The solubility also varies with pH, as the ionization of its carboxyl groups is pH-dependent. In acidic conditions, citric acid remains predominantly in its non-dissociated form, whereas in neutral to basic conditions, it dissociates into citric anions, enhancing its solubility.
  • Solvent Compatibility: While citric acid is most known for its solubility in water, it is also moderately soluble in ethanol and other polar organic solvents, albeit to a lesser extent.

In conclusion, the excellent solubility of C6H5O7 in water and its behavior under varying environmental conditions make it an essential compound for both industrial and biological applications. This versatile solubility profile underscores its importance in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts About 2-(Carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxy-butanedioate

2-(Carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxy-butanedioate, commonly known as citric acid, is a fascinating compound with numerous applications in both nature and industry. Here are some intriguing facts about this organic acid:

  • Natural Preserver: Citric acid is naturally found in citrus fruits like oranges and lemons. It plays a crucial role as a natural preservative and a flavor enhancer, making it a vital ingredient in many food products.
  • Acid-Base Property: This compound is classified as a weak organic acid, which means it can donate protons (H+ ions) in a solution, contributing to the acidity of many beverages.
  • Three Carboxylic Groups: Citric acid possesses three carboxylic acid groups, which allows it to form multiple salts and esters, expanding its utility across various chemical reactions.
  • Metabolic Role: In biological systems, citric acid is a critical component of the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), a key metabolic pathway that generates energy through the oxidation of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
  • Versatile Applications: Beyond its role in food preservation, citric acid has several industrial applications, including:
    • Buffering agent
    • Cleaning agent
    • Cosmetic formulations
    • Pharmaceutical additives
  • Sustainability Champion: Citric acid can also be produced via fermentation processes, making it a more sustainable option compared to synthetic alternatives.

As a versatile compound, citric acid not only enhances the flavor and preservation of foods but also plays an essential role in various physiological and industrial processes. Its multifaceted properties make it an exciting subject for scientific exploration and a staple in everyday life.

Synonyms
2-(carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxybutanedioate
hydrogen citrate
citrate(2-) anion
CHEBI:35809
2-(carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxysuccinate
Q55503036