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Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid

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Identification
Molecular formula
C18H30O3S
CAS number
68584-22-5
IUPAC name
2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid;3-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid;4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid
State
State

The compound is generally in a liquid state at room temperature. However, it can be a paste or solid depending on its specific composition and temperature.

Melting point (Celsius)
10.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
283.15
Boiling point (Celsius)
110.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
383.15
General information
Molecular weight
326.49g/mol
Molar mass
326.4940g/mol
Density
1.0600g/cm3
Appearence

Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid appears as a colorless to pale yellow viscous liquid. It may also appear as a white to off-white paste or solid at room temperature, depending on the specific isomer and environmental conditions.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of Dodecylbenzenesulfonic Acids

The dodecylbenzenesulfonic acids, namely 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, 3-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, and 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, exhibit interesting solubility characteristics primarily due to their unique structural features.

General Solubility Insights

These compounds are known for their amphiphilic nature, which significantly influences their solubility in various solvents:

  • Hydrophilic Head: The sulfonic acid group (-SO3H) contributes to the hydrophilicity of the molecule, allowing for solubility in polar solvents such as water.
  • Hydrophobic Tail: The long dodecyl (C12) chain imparts hydrophobic characteristics, enhancing solubility in nonpolar solvents like oils and organic solvents.

Solubility Behavior

The solubility of these acids can vary based on their position:

  • 2-Dodecylbenzenesulfonic Acid: This isomers’ solubility is often balanced due to its flexible structure.
  • 3-Dodecylbenzenesulfonic Acid: The slightly shifted sulfonic group can create varying interactions with solvents.
  • 4-Dodecylbenzenesulfonic Acid: This isomer may exhibit a higher affinity for water compared to its counterparts due to optimal spatial orientation.

In summary, the solubility of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acids is a complex interplay of hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions, making them valuable in applications ranging from detergents to emulsifiers. Their ability to dissolve in both polar and nonpolar environments adds to their versatility in chemical industries.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts About Dodecylbenzenesulfonic Acids

Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acids, particularly the 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, 3-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, and 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, are important compounds in the realm of chemical science and industry. Here are some fascinating insights into these compounds:

  • Surfactant Properties: These compounds are primarily known for their ability to act as surfactants. Surfactants lower the surface tension between liquids, which makes them excellent for use in detergents and emulsifiers.
  • Applications: Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acids are utilized in various applications including household cleaning products, personal care items, and industrial cleaning agents. They enhance the effectiveness of cleaning formulations.
  • Structure Matters: The position of the sulfonic acid group on the dodecylbenzene ring (ortho, meta, or para) critically influences the properties and functionalities of these compounds. Each isomer may offer distinct characteristics in terms of solubility and surface activity.
  • Environmental Considerations: As with many surfactants, there are environmental concerns associated with the use of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acids. Their biodegradability and potential toxicity should be considered during formulation and application.
  • Research Focus: Ongoing studies are investigating the effectiveness of these acids in various formulations and their environmental impacts, making them subjects of interest for sustainable chemistry.

In summary, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acids are more than just simple chemical compounds; they play a significant role in both industrial and household applications, reflecting the intricate balance between utility, efficacy, and environmental stewardship.