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Maleic Acid

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Identification
Molecular formula
C4H4O4
CAS number
110-16-7
IUPAC name
but-2-enedioic acid
State
State

At room temperature, maleic acid is typically a solid. It is stable under normal temperatures and pressures but should be stored in a cool, dry place to prevent moisture absorption.

Melting point (Celsius)
135.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
408.15
Boiling point (Celsius)
135.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
408.15
General information
Molecular weight
116.07g/mol
Molar mass
116.0720g/mol
Density
1.5900g/cm3
Appearence

Maleic acid appears as a white or colorless crystalline solid. It is known for its hygroscopic nature, absorbing moisture from the air. When in pure form, it forms orthorhombic crystals.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of But-2-enedioic Acid (C4H4O4)

But-2-enedioic acid, commonly known as maleic acid, exhibits interesting solubility characteristics that are notable for its applications in various fields.

Solubility in Water

Maleic acid is highly soluble in water due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds. Here are some key points:

  • Water solubility: Approximately 82 g per 100 mL at 20°C.
  • Amphoteric nature: The presence of two carboxylic acid groups (-COOH) allows it to donate protons, enhancing solubility.
  • Polymer formation: In aqueous solution, maleic acid can undergo polymerization, affecting its solubilization behavior.

Solubility in Organic Solvents

In terms of solubility in organic solvents, maleic acid shows varying degrees:

  • Moderate solubility: It is soluble in ethanol and acetone but less soluble in non-polar solvents like hexane.
  • Hydrophilicity: The polar nature of the carboxyl groups makes it more compatible with polar solvents.

Overall Implications

Due to its high water solubility and moderate solubility in organic solvents, but-2-enedioic acid is a versatile compound in chemical synthesis, pharmaceuticals, and food additives. Its solubility characteristics facilitate its use in various applications, enhancing its importance in chemical research and industry.


Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about But-2-enedioic Acid

But-2-enedioic acid, also known as fumaric acid, is a fascinating compound with a variety of applications and biological significance. Here are some key points that highlight its importance:

  • Natural Occurrence: Fumaric acid is found naturally in various plants, particularly in fungi and some species of lichens. It plays a vital role in the Krebs cycle, an essential metabolic pathway that helps in energy production in living organisms.
  • Culinary Uses: In the food industry, fumaric acid is used as an acidulant and flavoring agent. It helps to enhance the taste and preserve the shelf life of various products, especially in the production of bakery goods and beverages.
  • Pharmaceutical Applications: This compound has gained attention for its therapeutic potential. It is utilized in the formulation of medications for treating conditions like psoriasis and other skin disorders, demonstrating its ability to modulate immune responses.
  • Polymer Chemistry: Fumaric acid can be utilized in the formation of biodegradable plastics. Its derivatives are used in the production of polyesters, which contribute to materials designed for environmental sustainability.
  • As a Food Additive: Under the E-number classification, fumaric acid is designated as E297, and it is recognized as a safe food additive by various international food safety authorities.

Fumaric acid, with its versatile roles, not only showcases the intricate balance of organic compounds in nature but also highlights the impact of chemistry in our everyday lives.

Synonyms
2-Butenedioic acid
Butenedioic acid
2-aButenedioic acid
1,2-Ethenedicarboxylic
NCIOpen2_003792
NCIOpen2_004870
DTXSID8048157
VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
HMS3373M04
BIA59562
UHA16045
AKOS025243730
Beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate (2:1)
NCI60_002239
DB-002667
NS00080993
Q27109609