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Lactic acid

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Identification
Molecular formula
C3H6O3
CAS number
50-21-5
IUPAC name
2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propanoic acid
State
State

At room temperature, lactic acid can be found as a liquid or as a white crystalline solid, depending on its purity and concentration.

Melting point (Celsius)
18.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
291.15
Boiling point (Celsius)
122.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
395.15
General information
Molecular weight
90.08g/mol
Molar mass
90.0800g/mol
Density
1.2090g/cm3
Appearence

Lactic acid is a white, water-soluble solid or clear liquid that is hygroscopic in nature. It has a slight characteristic acidic taste and odor and occurs in two optical isomer forms, L and D, of which the naturally occurring one is L-lactic acid.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propanoic acid

2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propanoic acid, also known as lactic acid, displays interesting solubility characteristics that are worth noting:

  • Water Solubility: This compound is highly soluble in water, with a solubility of approximately 60 g/100 mL at room temperature. This makes it a suitable compound for various aqueous applications.
  • Solvent Compatibility: In addition to water, lactic acid is also soluble in many organic solvents, including ethanol and acetone, which increases its versatility in different chemical processes.
  • Impact of pH: The solubility of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propanoic acid can be influenced by pH levels; at lower pH, it tends to exist predominantly in its protonated form, enhancing solubility.
  • Temperature Effects: As with many organic acids, increasing the temperature generally increases solubility in water, which is an important consideration in industrial settings.

In summary, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propanoic acid is a highly soluble compound in water and several organic solvents, which is attributed to its functional groups that facilitate hydrogen bonding and interactions with solvent molecules. This solubility plays a crucial role in its applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and biochemistry.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-propanoic Acid

2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-propanoic acid, also known as tartaric acid, is a fascinating compound that plays a significant role in both the culinary world and various industrial applications. This compound is particularly interesting due to its unique structural characteristics and versatile functionality.

Culinary Uses

  • Natural Antioxidant: Tartaric acid helps to preserve the color and flavor of foods, making it a natural preservative in many culinary applications.
  • Ingredient in Baking: Commonly used as a stabilizing agent for whipped cream and egg whites, it helps to enhance the texture and volume in baking.
  • Wine Production: Tartaric acid is critical in the winemaking process, contributing to the stability and flavor of wines, particularly in maintaining the optimal pH levels.

Industrial Applications

  • Biochemical Research: Often utilized in biochemistry for various reactants and for studying metabolic processes due to its mild acidity and buffering capacity.
  • Pharma Industry: It is also important in the pharmaceutical sector for the formulation of various medications and supplements.

Unique Properties

One of the most remarkable features of this compound is its ability to form complex ions with metals, which can be particularly useful in various chemical synthesis processes. Its chiral nature allows for interesting studies in stereochemistry and its interactions with different substances.

Moreover, the compound's dual hydroxyl functionalities make it a valuable building block in organic synthesis and a critical component in the development of new materials.

In summary, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propanoic acid is not just a simple acid; it is a compound that bridges culinary delights and scientific advancement, making it a noteworthy subject of study for chemists and culinary experts alike.

Synonyms
2-HYDROXYISOBUTYRIC ACID
594-61-6
2-Methyllactic acid
2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid
Acetonic acid
alpha-Hydroxyisobutyric acid
2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropionic acid
Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-
Acetonate
2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propanoic acid
.alpha.-Hydroxyisobutyric acid
a-hydroxyisobutyric acid
Hydroxyisobutyrate
UNII-DMW250U2HF
alpha-HIB
NSC 4505
l-2-methyllactate
a-Hydroxyisobutyrate
a-Hydroxyisobutanoate
NSC 402158
Hydroxydimethylacetate
Lactic acid, 2-methyl-, L-
a-HIB
DTXSID4032954
CHEBI:50129
l-2-methyllactic acid
a-Hydroxyisobutanoic acid
NSC-4505
EINECS 209-848-8
METHYL LACTIC ACID
NSC-402158
a-Hydroxy-a-methylpropanoate
2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropionate
AI3-31313
a-Hydroxy-a-methylpropanoic acid
DTXCID2012954
Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-2-hydroxy-
ISOBUTYRIC ACID, .ALPHA.-HYDROXY-
2Methyllactic acid
a-Hydroxy-isobutyrate
Lactic acid, 2methyl
alpha-hydroxy-isobutyrate
a-hydroxy-isobutyric acid
alphahydroxyisobutyric acid
alphaHydroxyisobutanoic acid
a-Hydroxy-a-methylpropionate
2-Methyl-2-hydroxypropanoate
2Hydroxy2methylpropanoic acid
2Hydroxy2methylpropionic acid
Lactic acid, 2methyl (8CI)
Propanoic acid, 2hydroxy2methyl
a-Hydroxy-a-methylpropionic acid
METHYL LACTIC ACID [INCI]
alphaHydroxyalphamethylpropanoic acid
ISOBUTYRIC ACID, ALPHA-HYDROXY-
bwlbgmixkstlsx-uhfffaoysa-n
inchi=1/c4h8o3/c1-4(2,7)3(5)6/h7h,1-2h3,(h,5,6
Hydroxydimethylacetic acid
Lactic acid, 2-methyl-
alpha-Hydroxyisobutanoic acid
MFCD00004459
alpha-Hydroxy-alpha-methylpropanoic acid
HIBA
.alpha.-Hydroxyisobutanoic acid
2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propionic acid
(CH3)2COHCOOH
DMW250U2HF
2-Hydroxyisobutyricacid
.alpha.-Hydroxy-.alpha.-methylpropanoic acid
2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoicacid
hydroxyisobutyric acid
2-hydroxy isobutyric acid
2-hydroxy-isobutyric acid
2-hydroxy-iso-butyric acid
alpha -hydroxyisobutyric acid
alpha-hydroxy isobutyric acid
alpha-hydroxy-isobutyric acid
SCHEMBL29373
2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropionsaeure
2-Methyl-2-hydroxypropionsaeure
CHEMBL1345148
2-HYDROXYISOBUTANOIC ACID
2-methyl-2-hydroxypropanoic acid
NSC4505
acido 2-hidroxi-2-metilpropionico
2-hydroxy-2-methyl propionic acid
alpha-Hydroxyisobutyric acid, 98%
alpha-Hydroxyisobutyric acid, 99%
acide 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoique
STR04462
Tox21_200123
LMFA01050417
NSC402158
s6307
AKOS001310472
CS-W016640
FH02742
HY-W015924
alpha-hydroxy-alpha-methylpropionic acid
s12287
NCGC00090926-01
NCGC00090926-02
NCGC00257677-01
CAS-594-61-6
PD123991
SY001526
DB-053392
A8360
M0360
NS00004422
EN300-59285
C21297
AB00984267-01
Q2735617
2-Methyllactic acid; 2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid
alpha-Hydroxyisobutyric acid, purum, >=98.0% (HPLC)
Z220542620