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Citric Acid

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Identification
Molecular formula
C6H8O7
CAS number
77-92-9
IUPAC name
2-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid
State
State

At room temperature, citric acid is typically in a solid state. It is stable under standard conditions and does not easily vaporize or lose its form.

Melting point (Celsius)
153.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
426.15
Boiling point (Celsius)
310.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
583.15
General information
Molecular weight
192.12g/mol
Molar mass
192.1240g/mol
Density
1.5420g/cm3
Appearence

Citric acid is a white crystalline powder. It may also appear as colorless crystals or as a granular powder. Its crystalline nature makes it often sparkle under light, and it's known for its sour taste, which is a defining characteristic of citrus fruits where it naturally occurs.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of 2-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid

2-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, also known as citric acid, is a compound that exhibits notable solubility properties. Here are some key points regarding its solubility:

  • Highly Soluble in Water: 2-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid is highly soluble in water due to its multiple carboxylic acid groups. These groups are capable of forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules, facilitating dissolution.
  • pH-Dependent Solubility: The solubility of this compound can vary significantly with pH. In acidic conditions, the carboxylic acid groups remain protonated, which influences the overall solubility behavior.
  • Solvent Variability: Beyond water, citric acid is also soluble in other polar solvents, though its solubility in non-polar solvents is minimal. This specificity highlights the importance of solvent choice in practical applications.

It can be quoted that "the interaction of solute and solvent is a critical determinant for solubility," and this is particularly true for compounds with multiple functional groups like 2-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid. Ultimately, its exceptional water solubility makes it a valuable compound in various industries, from food to pharmaceuticals.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about 2-Hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic Acid

2-Hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, also known as citric acid, is a vital compound that plays a crucial role in both biological and industrial settings. Here are some fascinating insights about this interesting compound:

  • Biochemical Significance: This compound is a key intermediate in the citric acid cycle, also called the Krebs cycle, which is essential for the metabolic processes of aerobic organisms.
  • Natural Occurrence: Citric acid is naturally found in citrus fruits, particularly lemons and limes, giving them their characteristic sour flavor.
  • Food Industry Role: It is widely used as a preservative and flavoring agent in the food and beverage industry, enhancing the taste and prolonging shelf life.
  • Pharmaceutical Applications: In the pharmaceutical field, it is used in various formulations, helping to stabilize the pH and enhance solubility of active ingredients.
  • Cosmetic Industry: Citric acid is often included in cosmetics and skin care products due to its ability to adjust acidity and act as a natural exfoliant.
  • Environmental Impact: Its biodegradability makes it a preferred choice in cleaning products and solutions, aligning with sustainable practices.

As noted by scientists, “Citric acid is not just a food additive; it is a multifunctional compound with vast implications in health, industry, and the environment.” This multifaceted nature of 2-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid illustrates its importance across various scientific fields, making it a truly remarkable compound to study.

Synonyms
Homocitric acid
3562-74-1
1,2,4-Butanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-
CHEBI:17852
DTXSID10331413
(+-)-Homocitric acid
DTXCID60811851
2-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid
5883XD8HH4
2-hydroxy-1,2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid
SCHEMBL111251
UNII-5883XD8HH4
(+/-)-HOMOCITRIC ACID
DTXSID60863193
HOMOCITRIC ACID, (+/-)-
NS00126640
Q10860888