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2-Nitrophenol

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Identification
Molecular formula
C6H5NO3
CAS number
88-75-5
IUPAC name
2-nitrophenol
State
State

At room temperature, 2-nitrophenol is a solid substance.

Melting point (Celsius)
45.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
318.15
Boiling point (Celsius)
216.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
489.15
General information
Molecular weight
139.11g/mol
Molar mass
139.1110g/mol
Density
1.4920g/cm3
Appearence

2-Nitrophenol appears as a pale yellow crystalline solid. It can also be described as yellow or light brown in color and has a phenolic odour.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of 2-nitrophenol

2-nitrophenol, with the chemical formula C6H5NO3, exhibits interesting solubility characteristics that are worth discussing. It is a colored compound that is slightly soluble in water, but more significantly, its solubility is influenced by various factors:

  • Polarity: The presence of both hydroxyl (–OH) and nitro (–NO2) groups introduce polar characteristics, which increase its ability to interact with polar solvents.
  • Temperature: Solubility tends to increase with temperature; heated water can dissolve more 2-nitrophenol compared to cooler temperatures.
  • pH Levels: The state of 2-nitrophenol can also be influenced by pH; in more alkaline conditions, it can ionize, which enhances solubility in water.

In addition to water, 2-nitrophenol is highly soluble in organic solvents, such as:

  • Alcohols
  • Aromatics
  • Acyclic hydrocarbons

Overall, while 2-nitrophenol is moderately soluble in water, its solubility profile is significantly enhanced in organic solvents, underlining the importance of considering the environmental conditions when investigating its solubility.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about 2-Nitrophenol

2-Nitrophenol is an intriguing organic compound that plays a significant role in both industrial applications and scientific research. Here are some fascinating aspects:

  • Chemical Structure: 2-Nitrophenol belongs to the class of nitrophenols, characterized by the presence of a nitro group (-NO2) attached to a phenolic ring. Its position on the benzene ring contributes to its unique properties.
  • Importance in Agriculture: This compound is utilized as an herbicide and pesticide, contributing to crop protection and pest management across various agricultural practices.
  • Indicator of pH: Due to its acidic properties, 2-nitrophenol can be used as a pH indicator, undergoing color changes that signal different pH levels in solutions, making it useful in laboratory settings.
  • Research Applications: In organic chemistry, 2-nitrophenol serves as a valuable intermediate in synthesizing more complex molecules, facilitating the study of chemical reactions and mechanisms.
  • Health and Environmental Considerations: As with many chemical compounds, 2-nitrophenol's toxicity necessitates precautions. It can be harmful to aquatic life, raising concerns in ecological studies and environmental monitoring.

Overall, the applications and implications of 2-nitrophenol in both industry and research exemplify the importance of understanding chemical compounds not just in terms of their molecular structure, but also in their real-world significance.

Synonyms
2-NITROPHENOL
o-Nitrophenol
88-75-5
2-Hydroxynitrobenzene
Phenol, 2-nitro-
NITROPHENOL
o-Hydroxynitrobenzene
Phenol, o-nitro-
o-Nitrofenol
2-nitro-phenol
25154-55-6
MFCD00011688
BD148E95KD
DTXSID1021790
CHEBI:16260
Hydroxy(2-Hydroxyphenyl)oxoammonium
NSC-1552
ortho-nitrophenol
DTXCID201790
o-Nitrofenol [Czech]
CAS-88-75-5
CCRIS 2314
HSDB 1133
o-Nitrophenol (molten)
NSC 1552
EINECS 201-857-5
UNII-BD148E95KD
AI3-14893
o-nitro-phenol
0-nitrophenol
2-nitro phenol
hydroxynitrobenzene
CG3
OPO
NITROPHENOLATE
2-nitrophenyl alcohol
o-Nitrophenol [UN1663] [Poison]
2-Nitrophenol, 98%
PHENOL, O-NITRO
2-Nitrophenol-UL-14C
WLN: WNR BQ
EC 201-857-5
2-Nitrophenol, 99.0%
O-NITROPHENOL [MI]
SCHEMBL26026
2-NITROPHENOL [HSDB]
BIDD:ER0656
CHEMBL14205
1-OH
SR-1C4
SCHEMBL11524557
SCHEMBL16254545
NSC1552
BCP25852
STR00905
Tox21_201442
Tox21_302758
STK011520
AKOS000118749
CCG-321789
FN03765
UN 1663
NCGC00090898-01
NCGC00090898-02
NCGC00256357-01
NCGC00258993-01
2-Nitrophenol 100 microg/mL in Methanol
DB-371590
2-Nitrophenol, purum, >=98.0% (HPLC)
N0153
N0219
NS00010607
EN300-18135
C01988
2-Nitrophenol, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard
AB-131/40228446
Q18907378
F3146-3482
InChI=1/C6H5NO3/c8-6-4-2-1-3-5(6)7(9)10/h1-4,8
78813-12-4