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Isooctane

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Identification
Molecular formula
C8H18
CAS number
540-84-1
IUPAC name
2,2,4-trimethylpentane
State
State

Isooctane is a liquid at room temperature.

Melting point (Celsius)
-107.38
Melting point (Kelvin)
165.77
Boiling point (Celsius)
99.20
Boiling point (Kelvin)
372.35
General information
Molecular weight
114.23g/mol
Molar mass
114.2240g/mol
Density
0.6920g/cm3
Appearence

Isooctane is a clear, colorless liquid with a slight petroleum-like odor. It is highly volatile, evaporating quickly when exposed to the air.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane

2,2,4-trimethylpentane, with the chemical formula C8H18, is an organic compound belonging to the class of alkanes. Its solubility characteristics can be described as follows:

  • Non-polar Nature: 2,2,4-trimethylpentane is a non-polar hydrocarbon, which generally leads to low solubility in polar solvents such as water.
  • Solubility in Organic Solvents: It exhibits good solubility in non-polar organic solvents like hexane, benzene, and toluene.
  • Hydrophobic Behavior: The compound's hydrophobic nature means it does not interact favorably with water molecules.

As a result, you would expect to see very low solubility of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane in water, often requiring environmental conditions or alternative solvents to effectively dissolve this compound. To quote the classical solubility principle: "Like dissolves like." This emphasizes that non-polar substances like 2,2,4-trimethylpentane will dissolve best in similar non-polar solvents, avoiding polar environments whenever possible.


Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane

2,2,4-trimethylpentane is an intriguing compound that belongs to the family of alkanes. It is a branched-chain hydrocarbon and is also known by its more common name, iso-octane. This compound is particularly significant in the field of chemistry and engineering due to several fascinating attributes:

  • Octane Rating: One of the most remarkable features of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane is its role in determining the octane rating of fuels. It has a high octane number, which indicates its ability to resist knocking during combustion. This is why it is often used as a standard in the measurement of gasoline performance.
  • Fuel Blend Component: In the automotive industry, it is frequently blended with other hydrocarbons to enhance fuel efficiency and performance. By understanding the chemical behavior of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, chemists can formulate better fuels for various engines.
  • Non-polar Solvent: Despite its use in fuel applications, this compound acts as a non-polar solvent in laboratory settings. Its low reactivity makes it a safe option for dissolving various organic compounds.
  • Historical Significance: The identification and use of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane date back to the 1920s, contributing to advancements in fuel chemistry and the automotive sector.
  • Synthesis: It can be synthesized through various methods, including the alkylation of isobutylene and other catalytic processes, illustrating the versatility of organic chemistry in producing useful compounds.

Overall, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane not only plays a crucial role in fuel technology but also exemplifies the fascinating relationships between chemical structure and physical properties. Such compounds are essential to the ongoing advancements in sustainable energy solutions and industrial applications.

Synonyms
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
Isooctane
Pentane, 2,2,4-trimethyl-
ISO-OCTANE
HSDB 5682
EINECS 208-759-1
UNII-QAB8F5669O
NSC 39117
BRN 1696876
Isobutyltrimethylethane
DTXSID7024370
CHEBI:62805
AI3-23976
ISOOCTANE [MI]
NSC-39117
ISO-OCTANE [HSDB]
DTXCID104370
EC 208-759-1
4-01-00-00439 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
UN 1262
85404-20-2
2,2,4trimethylpentane
2,4,4Trimethylpentane
ISOOCTANE [INCI]
Pentane, 2,2,4trimethyl
2,2,4-trimethylpentane (tmp)
DTXSID001014462
208-759-1
247-861-0
695-043-0
921-678-2
26635-64-3
einecs 247-861-0
inchi=1/c8h18/c1-7(2)6-8(3,4)5/h7h,6h2,1-5h
nhtmvdhepjavlt-uhfffaoysa-n
un1262
540-84-1
Isobutyltrimethylmethane
2,4,4-Trimethylpentane
i-octane
(CH3)2CHCH2C(CH3)3
Isooctane Blank
QAB8F5669O
MFCD00008943
2,2,4-trimethyl-pentane
Pentane,2,4-trimethyl-
2,2,4-trimethyl pentane
Trimethyl-2,2,4 pentane
CHEMBL1797261
NSC39117
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, for HPLC
Tox21_201127
STL280330
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, HPLC Grade
AKOS009159117
WLN: 1Y1&1X1&1&1
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, ACS, 99+%
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, LR, >=99%
NCGC00248930-01
NCGC00258679-01
CAS-540-84-1
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, ASTM, 99.8%
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, AR, >=99.5%
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, JIS special grade
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, p.a., 99.5%
DB-052475
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, analytical standard
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, anhydrous, 99.8%
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, Environmental Grade
I0276
NS00001389
T0481
T0715
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, for HPLC, >=99%
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, Pesticide, 99.5%
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, ACS reagent, 99.5%
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, for HPLC, >=99.8%
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, ACS reagent, >=99.0%
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, HPLC grade, >=99.7%
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
Q209130
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, UV HPLC spectroscopic, 99.5%
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, puriss. p.a., >=99.5% (GC)
Density Standard 692 kg/m3, H&D Fitzgerald Ltd. Quality
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, ACS spectrophotometric grade, >=99%
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, >=99.5%, suitable for absorption spectrum analysis
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.5% (GC)
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (Isooctane), Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material