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Tartaric Acid; Epinephrine

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Identification
Molecular formula
C4H6O6; C9H13NO3
CAS number
, 51-43-4
IUPAC name
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;4-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
State
State

At room temperature, tartaric acid is typically found as a solid crystalline powder. It is stable under normal conditions but can be hygroscopic, absorbing moisture from the air.

Epinephrine at room temperature is generally available as a solid powder for formulation in various medical preparations.

Melting point (Celsius)
171.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
444.15
Boiling point (Celsius)
0.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
0.00
General information
Molecular weight
183.20g/mol
Molar mass
150.0870g/mol
Density
1.7590g/cm3
Appearence

The appearance of tartaric acid is as colorless or translucent crystals, or a white crystalline powder. It is odorless and has an acidic taste.

Epinephrine typically appears as a white to off-white or light brownish powder. It is known to darken upon exposure to light.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid; 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol

This compound, comprised of two distinct functional groups, exhibits varied solubility characteristics. The presence of hydroxyl (-OH) groups tends to enhance solubility in polar solvents such as water, while the benzene moiety may introduce some hydrophobic characteristics that can hinder complete solubility.

Specifically, consider the following points regarding solubility:

  • Water Solubility: The two hydroxy groups of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid contribute significantly to its ability to dissolve in water, as they can participate in hydrogen bonding with water molecules.
  • Organic Solvents: The presence of the benzene ring suggests better solubility in organic solvents, which may allow the compound to dissolve in alcohols or other less polar solvents.
  • pH Influence: The solubility can also be influenced by the pH of the solution, particularly due to acid-base equilibria; in acidic conditions, the protonation of the amino group could affect solubility.

In conclusion, the solubility of this compound can be described as complex, demonstrating high solubility in polar solvents while showing variable behavior in non-polar environments. This dual nature can be critical for applications that depend on solvent interactions, making it a notable example of compounds with intricate solubility profiles.

Interesting facts

Exploring 2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid and 4-[1-Hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol

In the fascinating world of organic chemistry, the compound 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid (commonly known as tartaric acid) and its interesting counterpart, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol, present a unique opportunity for exploration. Here are some captivating facts:

Interesting Attributes

  • Natural Occurrence: Tartaric acid is naturally found in various plants, particularly in grapes, which is why it plays a significant role in winemaking.
  • Biological Importance: It is an important compound in the human body, participating in metabolic pathways and influencing the overall health.
  • Dual Functionality: The structure of tartaric acid allows it to function as both an acid and a sugar, making it a versatile component in various biochemical processes.
  • Food Industry Relevance: It is widely used as an acidulant and stabilizing agent in foods, especially in baking powder, where it helps to control the pH and enhance flavor.
  • Pharmaceutical Applications: The compound 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol is recognized for its role in several pharmaceutical formulations, showcasing its practical utility in medicine.

Chemical Versatility

Both compounds exhibit remarkable chemical versatility. The ability of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid to form salts and esters is noteworthy, making it an important reagent in organic synthesis. Additionally, the molecular structure of 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol, with its multiple functional groups, allows for intricate reactions, functioning as a key player in drug design.

Recent Research and Trends

A glance at recent studies reveals a growing interest in both compounds within the realms of food science and pharmaceuticals. Researchers have investigated their potential benefits in:

  • Formulating dietary supplements
  • Advancing drug delivery systems
  • Enhancing taste and texture in food products

As science evolves, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid and 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol continue to capture the attention of scientists and students alike. With their diverse applications and implications for health and nutrition, they are compounds worth deep exploration!

Synonyms
14638-70-1
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;4-[1-hydroxy-2-(propan-2-ylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
Levisoprenaline (tartrate)
Benzyl alcohol, 3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-((isopropylamino)methyl)-, (+)-, (+)-tartrate (1:1) (salt)
(+)-Isoproterenol (+)-bitartrate
S(+)-Isoproterenol (+)-bitartrate
(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;4-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(propan-2-ylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
(S)-Isoprenaline hydrogen (2R,3R)-tartrate
(+)-ISOPROTERENOL (+)-BITARTRATE SALT
Prestwick0_000911
Prestwick1_000911
Prestwick2_000911
SCHEMBL559248
SPBio_002971
DTXSID90932826
L-Isoproterenol (tartrate);Levisoprenaline (tartrate);Proternol L (tartrate)
HMS1570H04
PAA63870
NSC220470
AKOS015889001
NSC-220470
DB-042841
I 2760