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Propylene glycol esters of fatty acids

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Identification
Molecular formula
C21H42O4
CAS number
31566-31-1
IUPAC name
2,3-dihydroxypropyl hexadecanoate;2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate
State
State

Generally, these compounds are liquids or low-melting-point waxy solids at room temperature. They are often used in the food and cosmetic industries due to their emulsifying properties.

Melting point (Celsius)
-12.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
261.00
Boiling point (Celsius)
322.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
595.00
General information
Molecular weight
328.53g/mol
Molar mass
328.5270g/mol
Density
0.8503g/cm3
Appearence

Propylene glycol esters of fatty acids are typically colorless or pale yellow liquids or waxy solids, depending on the specific fatty acid chain length.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl Hexadecanoate and 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl Octadecanoate

Both 2,3-dihydroxypropyl hexadecanoate and 2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate possess interesting solubility characteristics due to their unique structural features. These compounds, being esters derived from long-chain fatty acids, interact diversely with solvents based on their hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.

Solubility Characteristics:

  • Water Solubility: Generally, these compounds exhibit low water solubility due to their long hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains.
  • Organic Solvents: They are likely to be soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, methanol, and acetone, where their hydrophobic tail can interact favorably.
  • Temperature Dependence: Solubility in both water and organic solvents may increase with an increase in temperature, as heat can help overcome intermolecular forces.

It is important to note that the presence of the two hydroxyl groups (–OH) on the propyl moiety does impart some polarity to the overall molecule, increasing solubility in polar solvents to a limited extent. This can also lead to potential hydrogen bonding interactions, enhancing solubility in scenarios where such interactions are favorable.

In summary, while the long-chain fatty acid esters are typically hydrophobic, the hydroxyl groups make them somewhat amphiphilic, leading to nuanced solubility depending on their environment and conditions. In practical applications, understanding these solubility traits is crucial for optimizing the use of these compounds in various formulations.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl Hexadecanoate and 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl Octadecanoate

2,3-Dihydroxypropyl hexadecanoate and 2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate are fascinating esters, derived from the reaction of fatty acids with glycerol. These compounds belong to a class of molecules known as glycerol esters, which play a significant role in various applications, especially in the fields of food science and cosmetics.

Key Features

  • Structural Composition: Both compounds are characterized by their long hydrocarbon chains, providing them unique physical properties that are important in formulation science.
  • Biocompatibility: The hydroxy groups in their structure enhance their affinity towards biological systems, making them suitable for pharmaceutical applications.
  • Emulsifying Agents: These esters are known for their ability to stabilize emulsions, allowing for a consistent mixture of oil and water phases, which is crucial in food products and lotions.

As noted by many researchers, "the role of glycerol derivatives extends beyond mere emulsification; they can significantly enhance the texture and mouthfeel of food products." This property is not only sought after in culinary applications but also in skincare formulations where a rich, creamy texture is desirable.

Applications

  • Food Industry: Used as an emulsifier to improve texture and extend shelf-life.
  • Cosmetic Formulations: Commonly found in lotions and creams, providing moisture-binding capabilities.
  • Pharmaceuticals: Serves as a vehicle for drug delivery applications due to its compatibility with various bioactive compounds.

In summary, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl hexadecanoate and 2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate are not merely chemical compounds; they embody the intersection of science, art, and nature in their multifaceted applications. Their unique characteristics facilitate innovations across multiple industries, illustrating the importance of understanding and utilizing chemical compounds in real-world scenarios.

Synonyms
SCHEMBL10448423