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Gallic Acid

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Identification
Molecular formula
C7H6O5
CAS number
149-91-7
IUPAC name
2,3,4-trihydroxybenzoic acid
State
State

At room temperature, gallic acid is typically found in a solid state. It has a crystalline structure and is stable under normal conditions.

Melting point (Celsius)
251.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
524.00
Boiling point (Celsius)
0.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
0.00
General information
Molecular weight
170.12g/mol
Molar mass
170.1200g/mol
Density
1.6940g/cm3
Appearence

Gallic acid appears as a white to pale yellow crystalline solid. It is known for its crystalline powder form and is also found in the form of shiny crystals.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of 2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzoic Acid

2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzoic acid, a derivative of benzoic acid, showcases unique solubility properties due to its multiple hydroxyl group substitutions. This compound can be characterized by the following solubility behavior:

  • Water Solubility: 2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzoic acid is highly soluble in water. The presence of three hydroxyl groups significantly enhances its ability to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, thereby promoting greater solubility.
  • Solvents: Besides being soluble in water, it readily dissolves in various polar organic solvents, which may include:
    • Ethanol
    • Acetone
    • Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
  • Temperature Dependence: Solubility can often increase with temperature, making it advantageous for certain applications where higher temperatures are utilized.
  • pH Sensitivity: As a carboxylic acid, its solubility can also be influenced by the pH of the solution, transforming into its anionic form at higher pH levels, which further increases its solubility in aqueous environments.

In summary, 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzoic acid's solubility is primarily favorable in polar solvents, particularly water, due to its functional groups' ability to engage in strong intermolecular interactions. As noted, this solubility behavior is crucial for its applications in various fields such as pharmaceuticals and biochemistry.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about 2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzoic Acid

2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzoic acid is an intriguing compound belonging to the family of benzoic acids. Its unique structure and properties make it of considerable interest in both scientific research and various industrial applications.

Key Features

  • Phenolic Compound: The presence of three hydroxyl groups (-OH) on the benzene ring classifies it as a phenolic compound, which is known for their antioxidant properties.
  • Biological Activities: Research indicates that this compound exhibits potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities, making it a subject of study for therapeutic applications.
  • Natural Sources: It can be found in various plants and is often studied for its role in plant metabolism and defense mechanisms.

Applications and Uses

  • Food Industry: Its antioxidant properties position it as a natural preservative, enhancing the shelf life of foods.
  • Cosmetics: Due to its skin-beneficial properties, it is incorporated in various cosmetic formulations for its potential to promote skin health.
  • Pharmaceuticals: Ongoing research explores its use in developing new drugs, particularly for conditions related to oxidative stress.

In summary, 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzoic acid is not just a simple chemical compound but a vital component in many fields such as medicine, food technology, and environmental science. Its multifunctional attributes and emerging importance continue to captivate the interest of chemists and professionals alike.

Synonyms
2,3,4-TRIHYDROXYBENZOIC ACID
610-02-6
4-Pyrogallolcarboxylic acid
Pyrogallolcarboxylic acid
Pyrogallol-4-carboxylic acid
Benzoic acid, 2,3,4-trihydroxy-
2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzene carboxylic acid
AD1ID2JF5O
EINECS 210-205-9
NSC 27436
BRN 2210807
NSC-27436
2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzenecarboxylic acid
DTXSID20209851
4-10-00-01971 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
DTXCID70132342
210-205-9
inchi=1/c7h6o5/c8-4-2-1-3(7(11)12)5(9)6(4)10/h1-2,8-10h,(h,11,12
2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzoate
MFCD00002447
2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzoic Acid Hydrate
CHEMBL220779
CHEBI:88714
Benzoic acid, trihydroxy-
UNII-AD1ID2JF5O
4-Pyrogallolcarboxylic Acid; NSC 27436; 2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzenecarboxylic Acid;
pyrogallolcarboxylate
trihydroxybenzoic acid
2,4-Trihydroxybenzoate
2,4-Trihydroxybenzoic acid
Oprea1_870375
SCHEMBL77708
Benzoic acid,3,4-trihydroxy-
Pyrogallic acid-4-carboxylic acid
NSC27436
2,3,4-TRIHYDROXYBENZOICACID
BDBM50205386
s6018
2,4-Trihydroxybenzene carboxylic acid
2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzoic acid, 97%
AKOS004114674
AS-8189
CS-W017709
FP71206
HY-W016993
AC-11254
PD124114
SY038924
DB-019661
NS00034523
P0571
S12282
Q27160621
2,3,4-TRIHYDROXY-4'-ETHOXYBENZOPHENONE_met013
F1995-0241