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γ-Butyrolactone

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Identification
Molecular formula
C4H6O2
CAS number
96-48-0
IUPAC name
2H-furan-5-one
State
State
γ-Butyrolactone is in a liquid state at room temperature. It is stable under normal conditions but can react with bases and some acids.
Melting point (Celsius)
-43.50
Melting point (Kelvin)
229.65
Boiling point (Celsius)
204.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
477.15
General information
Molecular weight
86.09g/mol
Molar mass
86.0890g/mol
Density
1.1290g/cm3
Appearence

γ-Butyrolactone is a colorless liquid with a slightly oily appearance. It is hygroscopic and mixes well with water, as well as with most common organic solvents. The liquid is typically transparent and has a faint, characteristic odor that is often described as resembling that of ketones or simple esters.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of 2H-furan-5-one

2H-furan-5-one, commonly known as gamma-butyrolactone, possesses intriguing solubility characteristics that can influence its applications in various fields. Here are some key points regarding its solubility:

  • Solvent Compatibility: 2H-furan-5-one is highly soluble in a wide range of organic solvents, including water, alcohols, and ethers. This versatility makes it suitable for various chemical processes and extractions.
  • Hydrophilicity vs. Hydrophobicity: While it shows appreciable solubility in water, the compound's structure gives it both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. This dual nature allows it to interact effectively with different substrates, enhancing its usability.
  • Temperature Dependency: The solubility of 2H-furan-5-one can vary with temperature. Typically, higher temperatures can increase solubility, which is important to consider in practical applications.
  • Concentration Effects: In concentrated solutions, the interaction between 2H-furan-5-one molecules may lead to unique behaviors. It's essential to monitor the concentration to predict solubility limits accurately.

In conclusion, 2H-furan-5-one exhibits remarkable solubility properties that make it a valuable compound in both industrial and research settings. Its compatibility with different solvents and temperature dependence are crucial factors for anyone looking to utilize this compound effectively.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about 2H-furan-5-one

2H-furan-5-one, commonly known as gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), is a captivating compound with a range of unique properties and applications. Here are some intriguing insights into this fascinating chemical:

1. Structure and Formation

This compound belongs to the class of lactones, which are cyclic esters formed from the reaction of hydroxy acids. The presence of the furan ring gives it a distinctive structure. Its cyclic nature contributes to its stability and reactivity.

2. Applications in Industries

  • Solvent: 2H-furan-5-one is widely used as a solvent in various chemical reactions, and its ability to dissolve a broad range of substances makes it valuable in many industrial applications.
  • Precursor: It serves as a precursor in the synthesis of different polymers and pharmaceuticals, demonstrating its versatility in organic chemistry.
  • Flavoring Agent: Interestingly, it is also used in the food industry to impart a sweet, fragrant flavor, highlighting its importance beyond just chemical applications.

3. Chemical Properties

The compound exhibits unique reactivity due to the presence of both unsaturated and carbonyl functionalities in its structure. This allows for various reactions, such as nucleophilic additions and oxidation reactions, making it a subject of study in synthetic organic chemistry.

4. Biological Interaction

Research has indicated that 2H-furan-5-one may interact with biological systems. For instance, some studies suggest potential applications in medicine due to its ability to modulate certain biological pathways. However, deeper research into its safety and effectiveness is essential.

5. Environmental Considerations

As with many compounds, understanding the environmental impact of 2H-furan-5-one is crucial. Its relatively low toxicity, when compared to similar compounds, offers a promising aspect for its use in various applications, but responsible usage and disposal remain key issues for the scientific community.

In summary, 2H-furan-5-one is an intriguing compound that transcends traditional boundaries in chemistry, proving valuable in industries ranging from pharmaceuticals to food science. Its unique structure and versatile reactivity make it a subject of continued research and exploration.

Synonyms
2(5H)-Furanone
497-23-4
Furan-2(5H)-one
Isocrotonolactone
2-Butenolide
2H-furan-5-one
2-Oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran
4-Hydroxy-2-butenoic acid lactone
gamma-Crotolactone
alpha,beta-Crotonolactone
2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
delta,alpha,beta-Butenolide
gamma-Hydroxycrotonic acid lactone
2-Butenoic acid gamma-lactone
2-Butenoic acid-gamma-lactone
2,5-Dihydrofuranone
4-Hydroxycrotonic acid gamma-lactone
CCRIS 5722
NSC 197009
2-Butenoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, gamma-lactone
EINECS 207-839-3
UNII-8KXK25H388
BRN 0383585
CRATONE
4-Hydroxy-2-butenoic acid gamma-lactone
HSDB 8151
8KXK25H388
.delta.,.alpha.,.beta.-Butenolide
NSC-197009
.BETA.-CROTONOLACTONE
Crotonic acid, 4-hydroxy-, .gamma.-lactone
DTXSID7075422
FEMA NO. 4138
2-Butenoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, .gamma.-lactone
5-17-09-00112 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Crotonic acid, 4-hydroxy-, gamma-lactone (6CI,7CI)
Crotonic acid, 4-hydroxy-, gamma-lactone
5-OXO-2,5-DIHYDROFURAN-3-YL ESTER
4-HYDROXY-2-BUTENOIC ACID .GAMMA.-LACTONE [FHFI]
alpha, beta-Crotolactone
BETA-CROTONOLACTONE
delta, alpha, beta-Butenolide
DTXCID9040718
207-839-3
BUTENOLIDE
2-Buten-4-olide
gamma-Crotonolactone
2-(5H)-furanone
Crotonolactone
5H-furan-2-one
but-2-en-4-olide
.gamma.-Crotonolactone
2-Buten-1,4-olide
MFCD00005376
CHEMBL166223
CHEBI:38118
2-Butenoic acid-.gamma.-lactone
.gamma.-Hydroxycrotonic acid lactone
4-Hydroxy-2-butenoic acid .gamma.-lactone
.DELTA..alpha.,.beta.-Butolide
2-Butenoic acid, .gamma.-lactone
.DELTA..alpha.,.beta.-Butenolide
?-Crotonolactone
5H-furanone
2_5H_furanone
.gamma.-Crotolactone
5 H-Furan-2-one
(5H)-furan-2-one
alpha,alpha,beta-Butolide
2(5H)FURANONE
2(5H)-Furanone, 98%
laquo gammaRaquo -crotolactone
.alpha.,.beta.-Crotonolactone
laquo gammaRaquo -crotonolactone
VIHAEDVKXSOUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-
BCP15247
NSC51296
BBL103594
BDBM50360798
NSC-51296
NSC197009
STL557404
AKOS000268618
CS-W008270
FF45970
HY-W008270
laquo deltaRaquo ,alpha,beta-butenolide
SB60895
gamma-Crotonolactone;2-Buten-1,4-olide
SY017893
2-Butenoic acid-laquo gammaRaquo -lactone
DB-027466
2-Oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran(2-[5H]-furanone)
NS00021175
EN300-80159
laquo gammaRaquo -hydroxycrotonic acid lactone
C17601
2(5H)-Furanone (laquo gammaRaquo -crotonolactone)
4-Hydroxy-2-butenoic acid laquo gammaRaquo -lactone
Q4596886
Crotonic acid, 4-hydroxy-, laquo gammaRaquo -lactone
2-Butenoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, laquo gammaRaquo -lactone
F0001-2521
Z1219048777
InChI=1/C4H4O2/c5-4-2-1-3-6-4/h1-2H,3H2