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Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and Cytidine triphosphate (CTP)

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Identification
Molecular formula
C10H16N5O13P3 and C9H16N3O14P3
CAS number
56-65-5
IUPAC name
[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate;[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate
State
State

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP): It is commonly used in laboratories in its crystalline form, but under physiological conditions, it is dissolved in water and exists in the aqueous state.

Cytidine triphosphate (CTP): At room temperature, it is typically a solid, yet, in biological contexts, it is also in an aqueous solution just like ATP.

Melting point (Celsius)
0.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
0.00
Boiling point (Celsius)
0.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
0.00
General information
Molecular weight
503.18g/mol
Molar mass
503.1810g/mol
Density
3.4291g/cm3
Appearence

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP): At room temperature, ATP appears as a colorless compound, typically found in solution form because of its high solubility in water due to the polarity introduced by its phosphate groups.

Cytidine triphosphate (CTP): Similarly, CTP is a white, crystalline compound. It is also found in aqueous solutions due to its water solubility.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of the Compound

The solubility of this compound, which includes two distinct moieties, is influenced by several factors that contribute to its interaction with solvents. Understanding these factors is key to predicting how this compound behaves in different environments. Here are the main points regarding its solubility:

  • Functional Groups: The presence of hydroxyl groups (-OH) and phosphate groups (-PO₄²⁻) generally enhances hydrophilicity, leading to better solubility in polar solvents like water.
  • Structural Considerations: The chiral centers present in the tetrahydrofuran ring can introduce conformational flexibility, which may influence solubility in complex ways, depending on the solvent used.
  • Hydrogen Bonding: The ability to form hydrogen bonds with solvent molecules increases solubility. Compounds with multiple potential hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, such as this one, can exhibit increased solubility.
  • pH Sensitivity: The phosphate moiety can exist in different protonation states depending on the pH, which can notably affect solubility in aqueous environments.

"Solubility is often a tale of balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic forces." This quote encapsulates the intricate nature of solubility, which in this case hints at potential utility in biological applications given the compound’s interaction profiles with water. Overall, while predictions can be made based on structural analysis, empirical testing remains vital to fully understand the solubility behavior in practical scenarios.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about the Compound

This compound is a fascinating example of a phosphorylated sugar derivative that exhibits both structural complexity and biochemical significance. It belongs to a class of molecules that play crucial roles in biological systems, particularly in the field of molecular biology and biochemistry.

Key Features

  • Structural Complexity: The compound consists of a tetrahydrofuran backbone which incorporates multiple functional groups, including hydroxyl and amino groups, resulting in a molecule with intricate stereochemistry. This complexity often correlates with significant biological functionality.
  • Biological Importance: The compound is related to nucleoside analogs, which are vital in understanding DNA and RNA metabolism. These structures are frequently studied for their roles in antiviral and anticancer therapies.
  • Potential Applications: Due to its structural features, this compound has the potential for use in drug development. Researchers explore its ability to act as an enzyme inhibitor or a modulator of metabolic pathways.
  • Enzymatic Interactions: The presence of the phosphate group suggests potential interactions with a variety of enzymes, like kinases and phosphatases, making it a valuable subject for enzymology studies.

Research Insights

Scientists continually investigate this compound's interaction with biological molecules, including its capacity to bind to ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). These investigations not only enhance our understanding of cellular processes but also pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic agents.

Quote to Contemplate

As stated by renowned biochemist Sir Frederick Sanger, "It is a great resource to understand the workings of life at a molecular level." This compound embodies that quest for understanding at its core.

In summary, this compound is a prime example of how organic chemistry can intersect with biochemistry to yield insights with significant implications for health and disease. Its unique properties make it an exciting target for ongoing research and potential therapeutic advancements.

Synonyms
24936-38-7
[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate;[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate
SCHEMBL15532261
DTXSID50179654