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Ketamine

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Identification
Molecular formula
C13H16ClNO
CAS number
6740-88-1
IUPAC name
3-(1-phenyl-4-piperidyl)propyl 2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-acetate
State
State

At room temperature, ketamine is typically in a solid state when pure. It is often encountered as a powder or crystals. For medical use, it is commonly dissolved into a liquid for injection and therefore can be encountered in a liquid state as an injectable solution.

Melting point (Celsius)
258.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
531.20
Boiling point (Celsius)
89.50
Boiling point (Kelvin)
362.70
General information
Molecular weight
237.35g/mol
Molar mass
237.3460g/mol
Density
1.1000g/cm3
Appearence

Ketamine typically appears as a white crystalline powder when it is in its pure form. However, it can also be encountered in the form of translucent or white crystals. The powdered form is often a fine powder, similar in appearance to powdered sugar.

Comment on solubility

Solubility Insights

The compound 3-(1-phenyl-4-piperidyl)propyl 2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-acetate is a complex organic molecule with interesting solubility characteristics. Understanding its solubility is crucial for applications in pharmaceuticals and materials science.

Generally, the solubility of such organic compounds can be influenced by several factors:

  • Molecular Structure: The presence of lipophilic (non-polar) segments, such as the cyclopentyl and phenyl groups, tends to enhance solubility in organic solvents.
  • Functional Groups: The hydroxyl (–OH) group introduces hydrogen bonding potential, which can improve solubility in polar solvents, such as alcohols and water to some extent.
  • Environmental Conditions: Temperature and pH levels can drastically alter solubility. Generally, increased temperature may increase solubility in solvents by providing more kinetic energy to the molecules.

Quotes from solubility theory often remind us that “like dissolves like,” indicating that the polarity of the solvent plays a pivotal role in dissolving the compound effectively.

Overall, while the presence of hydrophobic regions may limit aqueous solubility, the dual nature of the compound may produce favorable solubility in certain organic solvents where hydrogen bonding is feasible. Therefore, additional empirical testing is recommended to determine the solubility limits in specific media for practical applications.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about 3-(1-phenyl-4-piperidyl)propyl 2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-acetate

This compound is a fascinating molecule with a multifaceted structure that has stirred interest in various fields, especially in medicinal chemistry. Its complex composition and unique functionalities contribute to its potential therapeutic applications.

Key Features

  • Drug Development: Research into this compound highlights its potential as a lead compound in drug discovery, particularly for neurological disorders. The piperidine moiety often relates to molecules possessing important biological activity.
  • Cyclopentyl Influence: The cyclopentyl group may enhance lipophilicity, aiding in crossing the blood-brain barrier, which is crucial for central nervous system (CNS) activity.
  • Hydroxyl Functionality: The presence of a hydroxyl group introduces the possibility of strong intermolecular interactions, which can affect the compound's reactivity and solubility characteristics.
  • Stereochemistry and Selectivity: The stereochemistry of similar compounds can dramatically affect their biological activity; thus, understanding the spatial arrangement in this molecule is essential for optimizing its pharmacological properties.

Potential Applications

This compound, being a part of larger studies on piperidine derivatives, indicates significant promise due to:

  • Its ability to interact with neurotransmitter systems.
  • Potential analgesic and anxiolytic effects, making it of interest for treating conditions like anxiety disorders.
  • Possible applications in cognitive enhancement or neuroprotection due to structural similarities with known active compounds.

In summary, the intricate design of 3-(1-phenyl-4-piperidyl)propyl 2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-acetate exemplifies how subtle changes in molecular structure can lead to diverse biological functions, providing a robust platform for further research and development in pharmaceutical science.