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Palytoxin

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Identification
Molecular formula
C129H223N3O54
CAS number
77734-91-9
IUPAC name
3-[(3S,5S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-3-[(2R,5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-5,14-dihydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-13-methyl-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one
State
State

This compound is typically handled in specialized laboratory environments under strict conditions, where it may be kept in solution or as a solid powder depending on the nature of the research.

Melting point (Celsius)
180.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
453.00
Boiling point (Celsius)
252.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
525.00
General information
Molecular weight
2680.28g/mol
Molar mass
2 680.2780g/mol
Density
1.1000g/cm3
Appearence

Palytoxin is a complex, large polyether compound and is not described with a simple appearance due to its highly potent biological nature. As a purified chemical, it would typically be a colorless compound but is often used and found in solution form.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of 3-[(3S,5S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-3-[(2R,5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-5,14-dihydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-13-methyl-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one

The solubility of this complex compound is influenced by several chemical properties that dictate its interaction with solvents. Based on its structure, here are some key observations:

  • Hydroxyl Groups: The presence of multiple hydroxyl groups (–OH) suggests potential for strong hydrogen bonding with polar solvents, which can enhance solubility in such media.
  • Hydrophobic Regions: The dodecahydro structure and hydrophobic characteristic of the cyclopentaphenanthrene moiety may limit solubility in water but may afford higher solubility in organic solvents.
  • Possible Solvent Interactions: Depending on the solvent, the compound may show differentiated solubility; for instance:
    • In Polar Solvents: Likely soluble due to the interactive hydroxyl groups.
    • In Non-Polar Solvents: May exhibit reduced solubility due to hydrophobic effects.

This nuanced behavior allows for the prediction that while the compound may show some solubility in aqueous environments, substantial solubility might be noted in organic solvents, pointing towards a more selective application in chemical processes.

In summary, solubility is deeply tied to chemical structure and external environmental factors. Understanding these relationships provides a clearer picture of this compound's behavior in various chemical settings.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about 3-[(3S,5S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-3-[(2R,5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-5,14-dihydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-13-methyl-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one

The compound with such a complex structure is an example of a natural product known for its bioactive properties and potential therapeutic applications. Here are some fascinating aspects to consider:

  • Natural Origin: This compound is typically derived from certain plants and is often studied for its pharmacological effects.
  • Multifunctionality: It is believed to function as a potent antioxidant, which is essential in protecting cells from oxidative stress.
  • Medical Prospects: Due to its numerous hydroxyl groups, this compound has shown promise in research focusing on anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.
  • Stereochemistry: The specific stereochemistry, indicated by multiple chiral centers, can significantly affect the biological activity and how the compound interacts with various biological systems.
  • Complexity in Synthesis: Due to its intricate structure, synthesizing this compound in the laboratory can be quite challenging and requires advanced organic chemistry techniques.

As noted by chemists, "The allure of complex compounds lies not only in their potential applications but also in the challenge they present for synthesis and characterization." This highlights a crucial aspect of chemical research that inspires many students and scientists alike.

In conclusion, while this compound may seem daunting at first glance, its study can lead to significant advancements in medicinal chemistry and provide insights into the delicate balance of nature’s chemical arsenal.

Synonyms
DTXSID30935033
3-[(6-Deoxy-3-O-methylhexopyranosyl)oxy]-5,14,19-trihydroxycard-20(22)-enolide