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Insulin

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Identification
Molecular formula
C257H383N65O77S6
CAS number
11061-68-0
IUPAC name
3-amino-4-[[1-[[1-[[2-[[1-[[2-[2-[(1-carboxy-2-phenyl-ethyl)carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-(1H-imidazol-5-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]carbamoyl]-2-methyl-butyl]amino]-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-oxo-ethyl]carbamoyl]-2-methyl-propyl]carbamoyl]-4-guanidino-butyl]amino]-4-oxo-butanoic acid
State
State

At room temperature, insulin is a solid in its dehydrated form but forms a clear solution when dissolved in a suitable solvent.

Melting point (Celsius)
233.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
506.15
Boiling point (Celsius)
122.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
395.15
General information
Molecular weight
5808.44g/mol
Molar mass
5 808.4400g/mol
Density
1.4200g/cm3
Appearence

A white to off-white crystalline powder. Solutions of insulin are clear and colorless.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of 3-amino-4-[[1-[[1-[[2-[[1-[[2-[2-[(1-carboxy-2-phenyl-ethyl)carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-(1H-imidazol-5-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]carbamoyl]-2-methyl-butyl]amino]-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-oxo-ethyl]carbamoyl]-2-methyl-propyl]carbamoyl]-4-guanidino-butyl]amino]-4-oxo-butanoic acid

The solubility characteristics of this complex compound, C257H383N65O77S6, are influenced by several factors:

  • Polarity: The presence of multiple functional groups such as amino, carboxylic acid, and guanidine significantly enhances the polarity of the molecule, potentially increasing its solubility in polar solvents like water.
  • Hydrophilicity: With several hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, the compound may exhibit high hydrophilicity, allowing for improved interactions with water molecules.
  • Chain Length: The long hydrocarbon chains in the structure may hinder complete solubility, especially in non-polar solvents.
  • pH Influence: The solubility can be significantly affected by the pH of the solution; for example, at lower pH levels, protonation of the amino groups may facilitate solubilization, while at high pH, the carboxyl group may deprotonate, affecting interactions with the solvent.
  • Temperature Effect: Typically, higher temperatures may enhance solubility due to increased kinetic energy leading to better dissolution of such large compounds.

In conclusion, while the predicted solubility in aqueous solutions is likely to be moderate to high due to its functional groups, the overall interaction with various solvents can vary and requires empirical testing to ascertain specific solubility limits.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about 3-amino-4-[[1-[[1-[[2-[[1-[[2-[2-[(1-carboxy-2-phenyl-ethyl)carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-(1H-imidazol-5-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]carbamoyl]-2-methyl-butyl]amino]-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-oxo-ethyl]carbamoyl]-2-methyl-propyl]carbamoyl]-4-guanidino-butyl]amino]-4-oxo-butanoic acid

This compound is a fascinating example of the complexity often found in pharmaceutical chemistry, possessing an intricate structure that hints at its potential biological significance. Here are some remarkable aspects of this compound:

  • Polyfunctional Nature: With numerous functional groups, including amino, guanidino, and carboxylic acid moieties, this compound may interact with various biological targets, which enhances its versatility in medicinal applications.
  • Potential Therapeutic Applications: The presence of phenyl and imidazole ring systems could suggest potential uses in treating conditions like cancer or infections, as these types of structures often play crucial roles in drug activity.
  • Synthetic Challenges: The sheer size and complexity of this molecule present significant challenges in synthesis, which can require multiple steps and careful control of reaction conditions to achieve high yields and purity.
  • Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR): Understanding how the arrangement of atoms influences the behavior and efficacy of this compound is key in drug discovery, particularly in altering specific groups to enhance desired effects while minimizing side effects.
  • Research Potential: Because of its elaborate architecture, compounds like these are of great interest in materials science and biochemistry, particularly for creating novel sensors or drug delivery systems that can respond to biological stimuli.

Furthermore, it's important to note that despite its complexity, research surrounding such compounds helps to deepen our understanding of molecular interactions and biological pathways. In the spirit of scientific inquiry, one might say, "The greatest discoveries often come from the most complex questions."


Synonyms
Angiotensina II
11128-99-7
3-amino-4-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[2-[(1-carboxy-2-phenylethyl)carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid
(3S)-3-amino-4-[[(2S)-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[
angio-tensina ii
Angiotensin II trifluoroacetate salt
Angiotensin ?, human
Angiotensin II (acetate);Ang II (acetate);DRVYIHPF (acetate)
5 L Isoleucine Angiotensin II
SCHEMBL9013950
Angiotensin II,5-L-isoleucine-
4474-91-3(free acid basis)
PAN-4001-V
BCP24777
H-Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe-OH; H-DRVYIHPF-OH
AKOS040759079
NCGC00181299-01
NCGC00389655-01
FA110230
FR110025
LS-15496
([ring-D5]Phe8)-Angiotensin II acetate salt
H-Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-[ring-D5]Phe-OH
L000646
Angiotensin II human;Angiotensin II; Hypertensin II; DRVYIHPF