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3,4-Dinitrophenol

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Identification
Molecular formula
C6H4N2O5
CAS number
577-71-9
IUPAC name
3,4-dinitrophenol
State
State

At room temperature, 3,4-Dinitrophenol exists as a crystalline solid. It is known for its stability in solid form but should be handled carefully as it may be hazardous.

Melting point (Celsius)
138.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
411.00
Boiling point (Celsius)
295.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
568.00
General information
Molecular weight
184.11g/mol
Molar mass
184.1140g/mol
Density
1.6000g/cm3
Appearence

3,4-Dinitrophenol appears as a yellow crystalline solid. The color is due to the conjugated system of double bonds and nitro groups that gives it a bright coloration typical of nitrophenols.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of 3,4-Dinitrophenol

3,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) is known for its intriguing solubility characteristics. Its solubility can be influenced by several factors, including temperature, polarity, and the presence of solvents. Here are some key points regarding the solubility of 3,4-Dinitrophenol:

  • Solvent Dependence: DNP is more soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, methanol, and acetone compared to water.
  • Water Solubility: While it is somewhat soluble in water, its solubility is limited; estimates suggest around 0.3 g/L at 25°C.
  • Temperature Effects: Increased temperature generally enhances the solubility of DNP in both water and organic solvents, making it crucial to consider thermal conditions during experiments.

In summary, the solubility of 3,4-Dinitrophenol is a complex interplay of several variables that can significantly affect its behavior in various environments. As with many compounds, understanding its solubility profile is essential for both practical applications and theoretical studies.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about 3,4-Dinitrophenol

3,4-Dinitrophenol, commonly referred to as DNP, is a fascinating compound with a variety of applications and historical significance. Here are some noteworthy points about this unique chemical:

  • Historical Use: Initially developed as a pesticide and later used in explosives during World War I, its industrial significance in the early 20th century cannot be overstated.
  • Weight Loss Controversy: DNP gained notoriety in the 1930s as a weight-loss agent. However, its use in this context has been widely condemned due to serious health risks.
  • Mechanism of Action: DNP acts as a protonophore in biological systems, which uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. This leads to increased metabolic rates but can also cause dangerous side effects.
  • Regulatory Status: Due to its potential toxicity and the risk of overheating, DNP is heavily regulated in many countries. It is classified as a hazardous substance and has been banned in the United States for human consumption.
  • Scientific Interest: Despite its dangers, DNP continues to be a topic of research, particularly in studies related to bioenergetics and metabolic processes.

In summary, while 3,4-dinitrophenol has intriguing properties and historical relevance, it also serves as a stark reminder of the balance between scientific discovery and safety. Its journey from a sought-after industrial chemical to a regulated substance underscores the importance of responsible research and application.

Synonyms
3,4-DINITROPHENOL
Phenol, 3,4-dinitro-
3,4-Dinitrofenol
3,4-DNP
6,5-Dinitrophenol
CCRIS 3105
3,4-Dinitrofenol [Czech]
EINECS 209-415-3
BRN 1969398
UNII-I108F156M4
CHEBI:39358
I108F156M4
DTXSID80206407
PHENOL, .DELTA.-DINITRO-
4-06-00-01384 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
PHENOL, DELTA-DINITRO-
DTXCID40128898
209-415-3
akloldqywqarew-uhfffaoysa-n
577-71-9
3,4-Dinitrophenol(wetted with water >15%)
DNX
3,4-Dinitrophenol, wetted
SCHEMBL213758
CHEMBL3347427
BCP25455
MFCD00143065
AKOS015888235
FD68003
DB-021953
3,4-Dinitrophenol moistened with 20% water
NS00033785
3,4-Dinitrophenol, stabiliZed with 20% Water
A831591
Q20856197
3,4-Dinitrophenol, moistened with water, >=97.0% (HPLC)