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Cardenolide (Digoxin)

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Identification
Molecular formula
C41H64O14
CAS number
20830-75-5
IUPAC name
(3S,5S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-14-hydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-3-[(2R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde
State
State

At room temperature, digoxin is found in a solid state. It is typically used in its crystallized form, often as a hydrated compound. As a naturally occurring cardenolide, it is derived from the leaves of the digitalis plant.

Melting point (Celsius)
248.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
521.00
Boiling point (Celsius)
527.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
800.00
General information
Molecular weight
764.97g/mol
Molar mass
780.9470g/mol
Density
1.2800g/cm3
Appearence

Digoxin appears as a white to off-white crystalline solid. It is odorless and has a characteristic bitter taste. In pure form, it is commonly found as small needle-like crystals or powder. The compound is often hydrated when crystallized from water.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of (3S,5S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-14-hydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-3-[(2R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde

The solubility of this complex compound is influenced by several factors due to its intricate molecular structure. Here are some key points regarding its solubility:

  • Polarity: The presence of multiple hydroxyl groups within the structure suggests a potential for hydrogen bonding, which typically increases the solubility in polar solvents, such as water.
  • Molecular Size: The compound's large molecular size and intricate configuration may hinder solubility in some organic solvents, despite the presence of polar functional groups.
  • Solvent Compatibility: Potential solubility characteristics may include:
    • High solubility in alcohols and other polar protic solvents.
    • Low to moderate solubility in non-polar solvents due to its bulky structure.

Consequently, solubility testing in various solvents is recommended to precisely determine how this compound behaves in different environments. Understanding these nuances will be crucial, as "the key to a compound's reactivity often lies in its solubility profile."

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about (3S,5S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-14-hydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-3-[(2R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde

This compound belongs to a class of organic molecules known for their rich structural diversity and complex functionalities. Its intricate stereochemistry is reflected in its multiple chiral centers, each contributing to the unique three-dimensional arrangement that can affect biological activity and properties.

Key Characteristics:

  • Biosynthesis: Compounds similar to this are often found in natural products, particularly in the fields of steroid and terpenoid chemistry, indicating potential pathways for their biosynthesis in living organisms.
  • Pharmacological Potential: The structural complexity of this compound suggests it could have potential applications in medicinal chemistry. Many naturally occurring compounds with similar frameworks have been investigated for their therapeutic properties.
  • Functional Groups: The presence of hydroxyl groups and furan moieties indicates potential reactivity and interaction with biological systems, which can lead to various biochemical effects.
  • Research Applications: The study of such complex compounds can aid in the development of novel drugs, as well as the understanding of mechanisms in biochemical pathways.

As a fascinating example of molecular architecture, this compound not only illustrates the beauty of organic chemistry but also highlights the importance of chiral molecules in nature. As the famous chemist Robert H. Grubbs said, “What is remarkable about organic chemistry is how its foundational principles can lead to such diverse and complex compounds.” The ongoing exploration of compounds like this one continues to inspire the search for new materials and therapies in the chemical sciences.


This rich tapestry of molecular structure opens numerous avenues for discovery, making each investigation into such compounds a worthwhile endeavor for scientists and researchers alike.

Synonyms
26931-65-7
DTXSID50949713
3-[(6-Deoxyhexopyranosyl)oxy]-14-hydroxy-19-oxocard-20(22)-enolide