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Chlorobenzoic acids

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Identification
Molecular formula
C7H4ClO2
CAS number
74-11-3
IUPAC name
4-chlorobenzoic acid;2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid;2,6-dichlorobenzoic acid;2,4,6-trichlorobenzoic acid
State
State

At room temperature, chlorobenzoic acids are typically in a solid state. They are crystalline in nature and can exhibit variations in consistency and solubility depending on the number and position of chlorine substituents on the benzoic acid ring.

Melting point (Celsius)
225.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
498.00
Boiling point (Celsius)
285.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
558.00
General information
Molecular weight
157.00g/mol
Molar mass
157.0000g/mol
Density
1.5400g/cm3
Appearence

Chlorobenzoic acids can appear as white to slightly off-white crystalline solids. Their appearance can vary slightly based on the specific chlorination pattern. They are often crystalline and are used as intermediates in organic synthesis.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of 4-Chlorobenzoic Acid (C7H4ClO2)

4-Chlorobenzoic acid is a moderately soluble compound in water. Its solubility can be influenced by several factors:

  • Temperature: Increased temperature typically enhances the solubility of organic acids.
  • pH of the solution: Being a carboxylic acid, its solubility can increase in basic conditions due to the ionization of the carboxylic group.
  • Presence of solvents: 4-Chlorobenzoic acid tends to dissolve better in organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone than in water.

When discussing solubility, it is essential to note that "the ability of a compound to dissolve in a solvent depends on the interactions between solute and solvent molecules." In the case of 4-chlorobenzoic acid, the polar nature of the carboxylic acid group aids in solubility, but the presence of the chloro substituent may reduce solubility when compared to simpler benzoic acids. This interplay between structure and solubility highlights the nuanced nature of chemical compounds.

Summary

Overall, while 4-chlorobenzoic acid exhibits moderate solubility in water, factors such as temperature, pH, and solvent choice play critical roles in determining its solubility profile.

Interesting facts

4-Chlorobenzoic Acid

4-Chlorobenzoic acid is an aromatic carboxylic acid that plays a pivotal role in various industrial applications and organic synthesis. Here are some fascinating facts about this compound:

  • **Versatile Synthetic Intermediate**: It serves as a crucial building block for synthesizing various organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
  • **Import in Material Science**: It's utilized in the preparation of copolymers and as a reagent in chemical reactions.
  • **Biological Activity**: Research suggests that chlorobenzoic acids may exhibit biological activity, which is being explored for potential therapeutic uses.
  • **Environmental Considerations**: Like many chlorinated compounds, it raises environmental concerns, particularly regarding persistence and potential bioaccumulation in aquatic systems.

Its presence in research and industrial applications keeps it relevant in ongoing studies. As chemists continue to explore new pathways for synthesis and applications, 4-chlorobenzoic acid remains a compound of interest.

2,4-Dichlorobenzoic Acid

2,4-Dichlorobenzoic acid is another noteworthy member of the chlorobenzoic acid family, known for its unique properties and applications:

  • **Selective Herbicide**: This compound acts as an important herbicide, helping to control the growth of various weeds, showcasing its agricultural significance.
  • **Key Intermediates**: It is often used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and other industrial chemicals, further proving its versatility.
  • **Research Applications**: Scientists study its interactions and effects on various biological systems, expanding our understanding of chlorinated compounds.

This compound exemplifies the dual nature of chlorinated compounds — beneficial in agricultural settings while posing challenges for environmental safety.

2,6-Dichlorobenzoic Acid

2,6-Dichlorobenzoic acid is well-known for its structural uniqueness and practical applications:

  • **Unique Isomer**: It stands out due to the positioning of the chlorine substituents, influencing its reactivity and interactions in chemical reactions.
  • **Industrial Uses**: This compound finds its uses as a chemical intermediate, particularly in the synthesis of complex organic molecules.
  • **Environmental Impact**: Studies examine its degradation pathways and persistence in the environment, highlighting the need for careful handling and disposal.

The ongoing research into its properties and uses aids in both theoretical and practical chemistry.

2,4,6-Trichlorobenzoic Acid

2,4,6-Trichlorobenzoic acid is the most chlorinated variant among the benzoic acids and exhibits distinct characteristics:

  • **Higher Chlorination**: The presence of three chlorine atoms increases the compound's acidity and alters its chemical behavior, making it an interesting subject for study.
  • **Used in Organic Synthesis**: It is a vital precursor in preparing more complex structures in organic chemistry, emphasizing its significance in research and industry.
  • **Fungicidal Properties**: It demonstrates fungicidal effects, contributing to the development of agricultural protection products.

With its multifaceted applications and ongoing research, 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoic acid continues to be a significant compound in both industrial and academic settings.

Synonyms
12002-27-6
4-chlorobenzoic acid;2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid;2,6-dichlorobenzoic acid;2,4,6-trichlorobenzoic acid