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4-Decylbenzenesulfonic acid

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Identification
Molecular formula
C16H26O3S
CAS number
104-37-0
IUPAC name
4-decylbenzenesulfonic acid
State
State
At room temperature, 4-Decylbenzenesulfonic acid can exist either as a viscous liquid or a non-crystalline solid.
Melting point (Celsius)
132.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
405.15
Boiling point (Celsius)
450.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
723.15
General information
Molecular weight
312.47g/mol
Molar mass
312.4710g/mol
Density
1.0456g/cm3
Appearence

4-Decylbenzenesulfonic acid typically appears as a light brown liquid or solid, depending on its purity and temperature. In its liquid form, it is viscous, and in its solid form, it may appear crystalline.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of 4-decylbenzenesulfonic acid

The solubility of 4-decylbenzenesulfonic acid is influenced by its unique chemical structure, which incorporates both hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics. This compound is known to be an amphiphilic molecule, meaning:

  • Hydrophobic Region: The long decyl chain (C10H21) contributes to its tendency to be less soluble in water.
  • Hydrophilic Region: The sulfonic acid group (-SO3H) enhances its solubility in polar solvents, especially in water.

As a result, 4-decylbenzenesulfonic acid exhibits variable solubility:

  1. It is generally soluble in water, due to the presence of the sulfonic acid group, which can ionize and interact favorably with water molecules.
  2. It has limited solubility in nonpolar solvents because of the hydrophobic characteristics of the decyl chain.

According to studies, one might expect solubility to be affected by factors such as temperature, pH, and the presence of other ionic species in solution that can interact with the sulfonic acid group. This interplay between its hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts makes 4-decylbenzenesulfonic acid particularly interesting in formulations that require surfactant properties.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts About 4-Decylbenzenesulfonic Acid

4-Decylbenzenesulfonic acid is a fascinating compound that belongs to the family of alkylbenzenesulfonic acids. Its unique structure makes it highly relevant in a variety of fields, particularly in organic chemistry and industrial applications.

1. Structural Characteristics

This compound features a long hydrophobic decyl chain attached to a benzenesulfonic acid group, enhancing its surfactant properties. The presence of the sulfonic acid group (–SO3H) is responsible for its excellent water solubility, while the long alkyl chain imparts lipophilicity, making it a zwitterionic compound.

2. Applications in Industry

Due to its properties, 4-decylbenzenesulfonic acid finds a wide range of applications:

  • Surfactant: Used in detergents and emulsifiers due to its ability to lower surface tension between liquids.
  • Detergents: Acts as a cleaning agent in various household and industrial cleaning products.
  • Chemical Intermediate: Serves as a precursor in the synthesis of other complex organic molecules.

3. Environmental Considerations

As with many surfactants, the environmental impact of 4-decylbenzenesulfonic acid is important to consider. Proper management and adherence to regulations are essential, as surfactants can affect aquatic ecosystems.

4. Reactions and Synthesis

Being a versatile compound, it can undergo various reactions, such as:

  • Neutralization: It reacts with bases to form salts, creating compounds with different solubility and surface-active properties.
  • Alkylation: Can be modified to yield derivatives with tailored properties for specific applications.

In conclusion, 4-decylbenzenesulfonic acid exemplifies the beauty of chemistry, with its multifunctional uses and intricate behavior. As a component in many everyday products, understanding its chemical properties helps scientists and industry professionals optimize its functions while considering safety and environmental impact.

Synonyms
4-DECYLBENZENESULFONIC ACID
p-Decylbenzenesulfonic acid
140-60-3
Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-decyl-
p-Decylbenzenesulphonic acid
p-N-Decylbenzenesulfonate
Benzenesulfonic acid, p-decyl-
HSDB 5631
3A46YTI174
EINECS 205-422-0
DTXSID7059696
4-DECYLBENZENESULFONIC ACID [HSDB]
UNII-3A46YTI174
pNDecylbenzenesulfonate
pDecylbenzenesulfonic acid
Benzenesulfonic acid, pdecyl
Benzenesulfonic acid, 4decyl
SCHEMBL1301381
DTXCID2034542
NS00024553
Q27256950