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Gallic acid

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Identification
Molecular formula
C7H6O5
CAS number
5995-86-8
IUPAC name
4-hydroxybenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid
State
State

At room temperature, gallic acid is typically found in a solid state. It is usually obtained in crystalline or powdered form and is soluble in water and alcohol.

Melting point (Celsius)
235.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
508.00
Boiling point (Celsius)
250.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
523.00
General information
Molecular weight
170.12g/mol
Molar mass
170.1200g/mol
Density
1.6940g/cm3
Appearence

Gallic acid appears as a white to slightly yellow crystalline powder. It is often found in its monohydrate form and can have a slightly sour taste. It is stable under normal conditions but discolors upon exposure to air and light due to oxidation.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of 4-hydroxybenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid

4-hydroxybenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, commonly referred to as gallic acid, exhibits notable solubility characteristics that are important for its applications in various fields. Understanding its solubility is crucial for both laboratory practices and industrial uses. Here are some key points:

  • Polar Nature: The presence of two carboxylic acid groups (-COOH) and a hydroxyl group (-OH) in its molecular structure contributes to its polarity, enhancing its solubility in water.
  • Solvent Interaction: This compound is soluble in polar solvents like water and alcohols, making it suitable for various chemical reactions and formulations.
  • Temperature Dependency: Like many organic acids, its solubility may increase with temperature, allowing more efficient use in higher-temperature applications.
  • pH Impact: Solubility can also be influenced by pH levels; in acidic conditions, the solubility may vary compared to neutral or basic environments.

In summary, the solubility of 4-hydroxybenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid is quite favorable in aqueous solutions due to its functional groups, highlighting its versatility in various applications. As stated, "A compound's behavior in solution defines its reactivity and practical utility," making this property essential for effective use.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts About 4-Hydroxybenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic Acid

4-Hydroxybenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, commonly known as gallic acid, is a fascinating compound with a rich history and numerous applications in various fields. Here are some compelling points to consider:

  • Naturally Occurring: Gallic acid is naturally found in various plants, particularly in the bark and leaves of oak trees. It is often extracted from sources such as sumac and myrtus.
  • Antioxidant Properties: This compound is renowned for its potent antioxidant abilities, helping to protect cells from oxidative stress and free radical damage.
  • Medicinal Uses: Gallic acid has been studied for its potential therapeutic uses, including its role in anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. Research is ongoing to explore its effectiveness in various health conditions.
  • Food Industry: Due to its natural preservative qualities, gallic acid finds applications in the food industry. It helps in prolonging the shelf life of products by preventing oxidation.
  • Dye and Ink Production: Historically, gallic acid has been used in the production of inks and dyes, making it an important component of the traditional art of writing and coloring.
  • Functional Group Diversity: The presence of multiple functional groups in its structure, including carboxylic groups, enhances its chemical reactivity and allows for diverse chemical modifications.

In summary, 4-hydroxybenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid is a multi-faceted compound that bridges natural occurrence and industrial application. Its various properties make it an intriguing subject of study in both chemistry and biology.

Synonyms
4-Hydroxyisophthalic acid
636-46-4
Eupirina
4-Hydroxybenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid
4-Hydroxy-m-phthalic acid
Isophthalic acid, 4-hydroxy-
1,3-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 4-hydroxy-
4-HIPA
4-HYDROXY-1,3-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID
NSC 2445
EINECS 211-258-0
BRN 2211981
AI3-24050
P87FF77O00
NSC-2445
DTXSID50862332
4-10-00-02091 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
4-HYDROXYISOPHTHALIC ACID [MI]
SALICYLIC ACID IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]
ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]
SALICYLIC ACID IMPURITY B (EP IMPURITY)
ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID IMPURITY B (EP IMPURITY)
4-hydroxy-isophthalate
4-hydroxy-iso-phthalate
DTXCID60203772
1,3-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 4-hydroxy-(9CI)
211-258-0
inchi=1/c8h6o5/c9-6-2-1-4(7(10)11)3-5(6)8(12)13/h1-3,9h,(h,10,11)(h,12,13
MFCD00010391
4-hydroxyisophthalate
4-Hydroxyisophthalicacid
4-Hydroxy-1,3-benzenedecarboxylic acid
UNII-P87FF77O00
Acetylsalicylic Acid Impurity B
4-hydroxyisophtalic acid
SCHEMBL330378
4-Hydroxyisophthalic acid, 95%
NSC2445
CHEBI:229985
4-Hydroxy-1,3-benzenedicarboxylate
CS-M1087
BBL103288
STL557098
4-Hydroxyisophthalic acid, AldrichCPR
AKOS000121471
FH05264
s10412
AC-28654
AS-19417
HY-76632
PD065620
SY051837
DB-054516
H0257
NS00041657
EN300-21599
C21168
Q27286362
Z104503646
Salicylic acid impurity B, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard