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γ-Hydroxybutyramide

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Identification
Molecular formula
C4H9NO2
CAS number
13594-76-4
IUPAC name
4-hydroxybutanamide
State
State

At room temperature, 4-hydroxybutanamide is typically in a solid state.

Melting point (Celsius)
145.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
418.15
Boiling point (Celsius)
240.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
513.15
General information
Molecular weight
103.12g/mol
Molar mass
103.1200g/mol
Density
1.1000g/cm3
Appearence

4-Hydroxybutanamide, also known as γ-Hydroxybutyramide, is typically a crystalline solid at room temperature. It is a colorless compound that can appear slightly different depending on its purity and the form in which it crystallizes.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of 4-hydroxybutanamide

4-hydroxybutanamide, also known as gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) when referring to its acid form, displays notable solubility characteristics that are pivotal in various applications.

In aqueous solution, 4-hydroxybutanamide is generally considered:

  • Highly soluble in water, which is advantageous for its use in pharmaceutical formulations.
  • Capable of forming hydrogen bonds due to the presence of its hydroxyl group, enhancing its affinity for polar solvents.

Its solubility can be summarized as follows:

  • Polar solvents: Excellent solubility in water due to hydrogen bonding.
  • Non-polar solvents: Limited solubility, as expected for compounds with polar functional groups.

Understanding the solubility of 4-hydroxybutanamide is crucial, as it affects its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. As stated in chemistry principles, "like dissolves like," which underscores the importance of polarity in solubility. The highly soluble nature of this compound in water aligns with its functional properties, making it a valuable substance in both industrial and medical applications.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about 4-Hydroxybutanamide

4-Hydroxybutanamide, also known as gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), is a fascinating compound with significant relevance in both chemistry and biochemistry.

Key Characteristics

  • Versatile Applications: This compound is employed in various fields, from pharmaceuticals to industrial applications. Its ability to stabilize and solubilize other compounds makes it valuable in drug formulation.
  • Biological Importance: GHB naturally occurs in the central nervous system and has been studied for its functions in neurotransmission and metabolism.
  • Effects on the Body: It is known for its depressant effects on the nervous system, leading to sedation. This property has led to its use in certain medical treatments, but caution is advised due to its potential for misuse.

Fascinating Historical Context

Originally synthesized in the 1960s, 4-hydroxybutanamide quickly gained attention for its potential therapeutic benefits, particularly in treating narcolepsy and as an anesthetic. Health professionals have often referred to it as a "date rape drug" due to its effects, which has significantly shaped public perception and regulatory scrutiny.

Scientific Research and Studies

Numerous studies have been conducted to explore the mechanisms by which 4-hydroxybutanamide affects the brain and body, revealing insights into:

  • Its role as a neurotransmitter.
  • Potential therapeutic uses in treating mood disorders.
  • Impacts on sleep cycles and recreational use.

Overall, the study of 4-hydroxybutanamide exemplifies the complex interplay between chemistry, biology, and societal implications, making it a noteworthy compound in the pharmacological landscape.

Synonyms
4-hydroxybutanamide
Butanamide, 4-hydroxy-
927-60-6
4-HYDROXYBUTYRAMIDE
Butyramide, 4-hydroxy-
4-Hydroxybutyric acid amide
gamma-Hydroxybutyramide
Hydroxybutyramide
.gamma.-Hydroxybutyramide
PC 621
HSDB 5769
EINECS 213-155-6
NSC 19917
NSC-19917
D464344F6N
2-(2-hydroxyethyl)acetamide
AI3-26368
DTXSID5061297
4-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID AMIDE [HSDB]
gammaHydroxybutyramide
Butanamide, 4hydroxy
Butyramide, 4hydroxy
4Hydroxybutyric acid amide
DTXCID3048811
213-155-6
4-Hydroxy-butyramide
CHEMBL174258
UNII-D464344F6N
4-Hydroxybutryamide
SCHEMBL80649
LOESDOAIWSCMKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
NSC19917
BDBM50224828
AKOS006338508
AT20755
DA-00726
NS00022880
EN300-97058
Q27276074
Z1203578394