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Ethidium bromide

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Identification
Molecular formula
C21H20N3Cl
CAS number
1239-45-8
IUPAC name
5-ethyl-6-phenyl-phenanthridin-5-ium-3,8-diamine;chloride
State
State

At room temperature, ethidium bromide is typically in a solid state, specifically as a crystalline powder. It is known for its capacity to bind to DNA, making it widely used as a nucleic acid stain in the form of an aqueous solution.

Melting point (Celsius)
260.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
533.00
Boiling point (Celsius)
0.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
0.00
General information
Molecular weight
394.31g/mol
Molar mass
394.3090g/mol
Density
1.3270g/cm3
Appearence

Ethidium bromide appears as a dark red crystalline powder. When dissolved in a solution, it often imparts a reddish-orange color, and under ultraviolet (UV) light, it fluoresces with an intense orange-red hue. This fluorescence is due to its intercalation with nucleic acids, making it very useful in molecular biology applications such as gel electrophoresis.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of 5-ethyl-6-phenyl-phenanthridin-5-ium-3,8-diamine;chloride

The solubility of 5-ethyl-6-phenyl-phenanthridin-5-ium-3,8-diamine;chloride is an intriguing aspect that reflects its chemical characteristics. This compound, with its complex structure, presents varying solubility profiles depending on the solvent. Here are some key points to consider:

  • Polar Solvents: Generally, compounds with charged functional groups—like this one featuring a quaternary ammonium structure—exhibit higher solubility in polar solvents such as water. The ionic nature of the chloride anion helps in dissociating and interacting favorably with water molecules.
  • Non-Polar Solvents: In contrast, solubility diminishes significantly in non-polar solvents (e.g., hexane or toluene). The lack of polar interactions makes it less favorable for the compound to disperse in these environments.
  • Temperature Effects: As with many chemical compounds, an increase in temperature can enhance solubility in polar solvents, promoting better molecular interactions that mitigate crystallization effects.
  • pH Influence: The solubility may also alter with changes in pH, particularly since the compound features amine groups that could either be protonated or deprotonated, thereby affecting its overall solubility characteristics.

In summary, understanding the solubility of 5-ethyl-6-phenyl-phenanthridin-5-ium-3,8-diamine;chloride is essential for optimizing its applications in various fields, particularly in formulations involving biological or chemical reactions.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about 5-ethyl-6-phenyl-phenanthridin-5-ium-3,8-diamine; chloride

The compound 5-ethyl-6-phenyl-phenanthridin-5-ium-3,8-diamine; chloride is a fascinating member of the phenanthridinium family, recognized for its unique properties and potential applications. Here are several captivating insights:

  • Structure Complexity: The compound features a multi-ringed structure that showcases an intricate arrangement of carbon atoms, with numerous functional groups that can participate in various chemical reactions.
  • Fluorescent Properties: Many phenanthridinium derivatives exhibit fluorescence, which can be leveraged in various applications, including bioimaging and sensors. This compound is no exception and could be a valuable tool in fluorescence microscopy.
  • Biological Significance: The presence of the amine groups in the structure may suggest potential interactions with biological molecules. Researchers often investigate such compounds for their antitumor and antimicrobial properties.
  • Potential as a Probe: The unique electronic structure derived from the ethyl and phenyl substitutions may make this compound a suitable candidate for use as a chemical probe in complex biochemical analyses.
  • Research and Development: Due to its distinctive structural features, there is ongoing research into the synthesis and optimization of this compound for applications in photonics and materials science.

This chloride salt form allows for enhanced solubility and manipulation in various solvents, opening avenues for innovative applications in both organic and medicinal chemistry.

In conclusion, the exploration of 5-ethyl-6-phenyl-phenanthridin-5-ium-3,8-diamine; chloride could pave the way for novel discoveries in the fields of drug development and photochemistry. As science continues to evolve, compounds like these remain critical to unlocking new technologies and therapeutic strategies.

Synonyms
HOMIDIUM CHLORIDE
Ethidium chloride
602-52-8
3,8-Diamino-5-ethyl-6-phenylphenanthridinium chloride
Babidium chloride
Novidium chloride
NSC-84423
5-ethyl-6-phenylphenanthridin-5-ium-3,8-diamine;chloride
2,7-Diamino-9-phenyl-10-ethylphenanthridinium chloride
3,8-DIAMINO-5-ETHYL-6-PHENYLPHENANTHRIDIN-5-IUM CHLORIDE
7XPK80D0XV
NSC-522843
NSC84423
NSC522843
WLN: T B666 HKJ EZ H2 IR& LZ &Q &G
EINECS 210-018-2
Phenanthridinium,8-diamino-5-ethyl-6-phenyl chloride
UNII-7XPK80D0XV
NSC 522843
Phenanthridinium,8-diamino-5-ethyl-6-phenyl-, chloride
Phenanthridinium, 3,8-diamino-5-ethyl-6-phenyl chloride
Phenanthridinium, 3,8-diamino-5-ethyl-6-phenyl-, chloride
Ethidium chloride (ET)
CHEMBL27580
SCHEMBL612343
DTXSID5037078
NS00080368
Q27268986
2,7-DIAMINO-10-ETHYL-9-PHENYLPHENANTHRIDINIUM CHLORIDE
3,8-DIAMINO-5-ETHYL-6-PHENYLPHENANTHRIDIN-5-IUMCHLORIDE