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Ammonia

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Identification
Molecular formula
NH3
CAS number
7664-41-7
IUPAC name
ammonia;1-methyl-4-nitro-benzene;2-nitroaniline;3-nitroaniline
State
State

Ammonia is a gas at room temperature. It is highly soluble in water and can form a weak base solution known as ammonium hydroxide.

Melting point (Celsius)
-77.73
Melting point (Kelvin)
195.42
Boiling point (Celsius)
-33.34
Boiling point (Kelvin)
239.81
General information
Molecular weight
17.03g/mol
Molar mass
17.0310g/mol
Density
0.7300g/cm3
Appearence

Ammonia is a colorless gas with a characteristic pungent odor. It is lighter than air, and its vapor can be visible in high concentrations as a white cloud.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of Ammonia

Ammonia (NH3) is a polar molecule that exhibits high solubility in water. The solubility of ammonia can be attributed to the following factors:

  • Hydrogen Bonding: Ammonia can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, allowing it to dissolve readily.
  • Polarity: As a polar compound, ammonia interacts favorably with the polar water molecules.

Solubility of 1-Methyl-4-Nitro-Benzene

1-Methyl-4-nitro-benzene (also known as p-cresol nitro derivative) has limited solubility in water. Factors affecting its solubility include:

  • Nonpolar Character: The compound has significant hydrophobic character due to its aromatic ring, reducing its affinity for polar solvents like water.
  • Solvation Energy: The energy required to solvate the molecule in water is not sufficiently compensated by the interactions with water.

Solubility of 2-Nitroaniline

2-Nitroaniline exhibits moderate solubility in water. The reasons for its solubility characteristics include:

  • Hydrogen Bonding Capability: The presence of the amino group can form hydrogen bonds with water, enhancing solubility.
  • Electron-Withdrawing Groups: The nitro group can stabilize charged states, thus affecting solubility in different pH conditions.

Solubility of 3-Nitroaniline

3-Nitroaniline also shows moderate solubility in water, influenced by its structural properties:

  • Amino Group Interaction: Like 2-nitroaniline, the amino group allows for hydrogen bonding with water.
  • Substituent Effects: The position of the nitro group plays a significant role in the overall solubility, affecting how the molecule interacts with polar solvents.

In conclusion, while ammonia is highly soluble due to its polarity, the nitroaniline derivatives display a range of solubility influenced by the balance of polar and nonpolar characteristics. Understanding these factors is crucial for applications in chemical formulations and reactions.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about Ammonia

Ammonia, a colorless gas with a distinct pungent smell, plays a crucial role in various fields. Here are some noteworthy facts:

  • Key Nutrient: Ammonia is a fundamental source of nitrogen, which is essential for plant growth. It is a constituent of fertilizers, helping to improve crop yields.
  • Industrial Significance: It is used extensively in the production of various compounds, such as urea, which is vital in the manufacturing of fertilizer.
  • Environmental Impact: Ammonia can contribute to environmental Issues, specifically in water systems, if not managed properly. It can lead to eutrophication, affecting aquatic life.
  • Historical Insight: Mohammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi discovered ammonia in the 9th century, and since then, it has immensely impacted chemistry and agriculture.

Interesting Facts about 1-Methyl-4-nitro-benzene

1-Methyl-4-nitro-benzene, also known as p-toluidine, combines the properties of both a nitro group and a methyl group on a benzene ring. Here are some intriguing insights:

  • Versatile Intermediate: This compound is a significant building block in organic synthesis, especially in the production of dyes and pigments.
  • Toxicity Concerns: The compound has potential health risks, as exposure to high levels can lead to various symptoms, making safety measures crucial during handling.
  • Application in Pharmaceuticals: 1-Methyl-4-nitro-benzene is also found in pharmaceuticals, playing a role in the synthesis of various medicinal products.
  • Environmental Considerations: Its presence in waste products calls for careful monitoring to mitigate any possible negative environmental impacts.

Interesting Facts about 2-Nitroaniline

2-Nitroaniline, with its nitro group positioned on the second carbon of the aniline structure, is notable for its chemical reactivity. Here are some compelling details:

  • Use in Dye Production: 2-Nitroaniline is widely used as an intermediate in the manufacturing of azo dyes, contributing to the production of vibrant colors in textiles.
  • Research Applications: Chemists often employ this compound in studies related to molecular structure and reactivity, due to its unique functional groups.
  • Health and Safety: Similar to other anilines, it may pose health risks, necessitating proper handling to avoid exposure.
  • Double-Edged Sword: While valuable in industry, 2-nitroaniline can also have environmental consequences if released improperly into ecosystems.

Interesting Facts about 3-Nitroaniline

3-Nitroaniline is characterized by the nitro group located on the meta position of the aniline molecule. It holds significance in various fields, including:

  • Industrial Importance: This compound serves as a precursor for several agrichemicals and herbicides, underlining its agricultural relevance.
  • Organic Synthesis: It is frequently utilized in organic synthesis processes to create more complex chemical entities, highlighting its utility in research laboratories.
  • Health Risks: Despite its advantages, 3-nitroaniline should be handled with care, as it can be harmful when ingested or inhaled.
  • Pharmacological Studies: The compound's properties make it of interest in pharmacology, and ongoing research explores its potential applications in various therapeutic contexts.
Synonyms
Nitroanilines
29757-24-2
DTXSID801054389
RefChem:166076
CHEBI:25550
Nitroaniline
Benzenamine, ar-nitro-
SCHEMBL29006680