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Ammonium bicarbonate

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Identification
Molecular formula

NH4HCO3

CAS number
1066-33-7
IUPAC name
ammonia;carbonic acid
State
State

Ammonium bicarbonate is a solid at room temperature. It is typically stable in its solid state but should be handled carefully to avoid decomposition into ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water, which may occur if the compound is exposed to heat or moisture.

Melting point (Celsius)
41.90
Melting point (Kelvin)
315.05
Boiling point (Celsius)
0.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
0.00
General information
Molecular weight
79.06g/mol
Molar mass
79.0560g/mol
Density
1.5860g/cm3
Appearence

Ammonium bicarbonate is a white, crystalline solid with a slight ammonia odor. It is often found in powdered form and may appear as a fine or coarse granular substance. The compound is highly water-soluble and may release ammonia gas upon decomposition.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of Ammonia and Carbonic Acid

When it comes to the solubility of ammonia (NH3) and carbonic acid (H2CO3), there are some interesting aspects to consider:

Ammonia (NH3)

Ammonia is well-known for its high solubility in water, primarily due to:

  • Hydrogen bonding: Ammonia molecules can engage in hydrogen bonding with water, allowing them to disperse easily.
  • Temperature effect: Solubility increases with rising temperature, making it more soluble in warmer water.

As a result, ammonia is commonly found in aqueous solutions and is a vital component in various chemical processes.

Carbonic Acid (H2CO3)

Carbonic acid is relatively soluble in water, resulting from the reaction of CO2 gas with water. Here's what to note:

  • Weak acid: Carbonic acid is a weak acid, meaning it does not fully dissociate in water; nonetheless, it is present in significant amounts.
  • pH influence: The solubility of carbonic acid can be influenced by changes in pH, which can shift the equilibrium between carbonic acid, bicarbonate (HCO3-), and carbonate ions (CO32-).

While carbonic acid is soluble, its behavior in solution is dynamic and highly dependent on external conditions such as pressure and temperature.

In summary, both ammonia and carbonic acid exhibit significant solubility in water, each influenced by unique chemical interactions and environmental conditions. It's fascinating to see how these properties affect their roles in various chemical, biological, and ecological processes.

Interesting facts

Ammonia

Ammonia, known scientifically as NH3, is a compound that plays an essential role across various fields, from agriculture to industrial applications. Here are some intriguing aspects of ammonia:

  • Origin in Nature: Ammonia is naturally produced in the environment through the decomposition of organic matter, and it is a key component in the nitrogen cycle, which is crucial for plant growth.
  • Agricultural Use: It primarily serves as a nitrogen-rich fertilizer, enhancing crop yields by providing a readily available source of nitrogen, an essential nutrient for plants.
  • Industrial Importance: Ammonia is not just a fertilizer; it's also a fundamental building block in the production of many chemicals, including plastics, explosives, and textiles.
  • Environmental Considerations: While beneficial in many ways, the excessive use of ammonia in agriculture can lead to environmental issues such as soil acidity and water pollution, prompting discussions about sustainable practices.

In the words of chemist Dmitri Mendeleev, “Ammonia is a very significant compound as it serves both the needs of agriculture and the demands of industry.” This highlights its multifaceted applications and importance in both sectors.


Carbonic Acid

Carbonic acid, represented as H2CO3, is a fascinating compound formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water. It is often underestimated, yet it is pivotal in various biochemical and geological processes:

  • Role in Physiology: Carbonic acid is instrumental in the bicarbonate buffer system, which helps maintain pH balance in the blood, thus playing a critical role in human physiology.
  • Formation of Natural Bodies: It is also significant in the formation of caves and stalactites through the process of carbonation, where it reacts with minerals in rocks.
  • Carbon Cycle Contributor: Carbonic acid participates actively in the carbon cycle, helping regulate the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and oceans.
  • Presence in Beverages: It is perhaps most popularly known for its presence in carbonated drinks, where it creates a refreshing fizz and slightly acidic taste.

The renowned chemist Henry Cavendish once said, “The best chemical is one that can change its world.” Carbonic acid exemplifies this notion by influencing both natural processes and artificial creations alike.

Synonyms
Carbonic acid, diammonium salt
Hartshorn salt
MFCD00010890
diamine carbonate
AMMONIUM CARBONATE [MI]
CHEMBL2105849
AMMONIUM CARBONATE [HSDB]
Ammonium carbonate, AR, >=95%
Ammonium carbonate, LR, 30-33%
AKOS009159486
Ammonium carbonate, p.a., special, 30%
Ammonium carbonate, tested according to NF
Ammonium carbonate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade
Ammonium carbonate, trace metals grade 99.99%
Ammonium carbonate, 99.999% trace metals basis
Ammonium carbonate, p.a., ACS reagent, 30.0%
Q204873
Ammonium carbonate, ACS reagent, >=30.0% NH3 basis
Ammonium carbonate, SAJ first grade, >=20.0% NH3 basis
Ammonium carbonate, SAJ special grade, >=30.0% NH3 basis
Ammonium carbonate, puriss., meets analytical specification of NF, Ph.??Franc., FCC