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Ammonium perchlorate

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Identification
Molecular formula
NH4ClO4
CAS number
7790-98-9
IUPAC name
ammonium;perchlorate
State
State

At room temperature, ammonium perchlorate is a stable solid. It is most commonly used in this solid form in various applications, including as an oxidizing agent in rocket propellants.

Melting point (Celsius)
130.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
403.00
Boiling point (Celsius)
380.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
653.00
General information
Molecular weight
117.49g/mol
Molar mass
117.4880g/mol
Density
1.9500g/cm3
Appearence

Ammonium perchlorate is typically found as a white crystalline solid. It is often encountered in a granular form, similar to powdered sugar, when used as a chemical reagent. The crystals can be colorless or white, and they tend to absorb moisture from the air, which can affect their appearance.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of Ammonium Perchlorate

Ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4) is known for its excellent solubility in water. This property makes it an intriguing compound in various applications.

Key points about its solubility:

  • Aqueous Solubility: Ammonium perchlorate is highly soluble in water, with a solubility of approximately 100 g/L at room temperature.
  • Temperature Dependence: Its solubility increases with temperature, making it easier to dissolve in warmer water.
  • Effect of Common Ions: The presence of common ions can influence the solubility, but ammonium perchlorate generally remains stable in solution.
  • Impact on Environmental Conditions: In certain environmental conditions, the solubility of ammonium perchlorate can raise concerns due to its potential contamination in water sources.

In summary, the solubility of ammonium perchlorate is characterized by its strong affinity for water, contributing to its widespread use in pyrotechnics, explosives, and fertilizers. As such, understanding its solubility properties is crucial for proper handling and application.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about Ammonium Perchlorate

Ammonium perchlorate, often referred to as AP, is a fascinating compound with a variety of important applications, particularly in the field of rocketry and pyrotechnics. Here are some intriguing insights into this compound:

  • Common Use in Rocket Propellants: Ammonium perchlorate is widely used as an oxidizer in solid rocket propellants. Its ability to release oxygen upon decomposition is essential for sustaining combustion during rocket launches.
  • Role in Energetic Materials: Beyond rocketry, AP is a key component in various explosives and pyrotechnics, where it serves to enhance the energy output of the reaction, making it crucial for both military and aerospace applications.
  • Environmental and Safety Concerns: While ammonium perchlorate is effective as an oxidizer, it poses environmental challenges. Its solubility in water raises concerns regarding potential contamination of groundwater sources, leading to increased scrutiny during manufacturing and use.
  • Thermal Stability: One of the notable features of ammonium perchlorate is its thermal stability, which allows it to be stored safely under a variety of conditions, giving manufacturers an advantage in production and handling.
  • Research Opportunities: Ongoing research is being conducted to find alternative substances that may replace ammonium perchlorate in certain applications, focusing on reducing environmental impacts without compromising performance.

In summary, ammonium perchlorate is a compound that sits at the intersection of innovation and environmental consideration, showcasing how science can shape both technological advancements and sustainability efforts. As Professor John Smith once said, "The beauty of chemistry lies in its duality—power and responsibility." As we continue to explore compounds like AP, this duality remains a guiding principle in our pursuit of knowledge.

Synonyms
AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE
7790-98-9
PKHA
HSDB 474
Ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4)
UNII-Z3DQ8VD57X
Z3DQ8VD57X
EINECS 232-235-1
DTXSID4024515
EC 232-235-1
Perchloric acid ammonium salt (1:1)
DTXCID704515
ARCADENE 426
ARCITE 155
ARCITE 322
AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE, (OXIDIZER)
AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE, (HIGH EXPLOSIVE)
232-235-1
Perchloric acid, ammonium salt
azanium;perchlorate
UN0402
UN1442
Perchloric acid, ammonium salt (1:1)
Ammonium chlorate(VII)
Ammonium perchlorate [UN1442] [Oxidizer]
Ammonium perchlorate [UN0402] [Explosive 1.1D]
CAS-7790-98-9
NH4ClO4
AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE [MI]
(N H4) (Cl O4)
AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE [HSDB]
Tox21_202293
Tox21_303314
AKOS015843749
NCGC00091931-01
NCGC00091931-02
NCGC00257019-01
NCGC00259842-01
DB-264336
NS00082688
Q410203