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Benzoic Acid

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Identification
Molecular formula
C7H6O2
CAS number
65-85-0
IUPAC name
benzoic acid
State
State

At room temperature, benzoic acid is a solid. It is typically encountered in either crystalline form or a powder format. It is stable in air and widely used in this state for its preservative properties.

Melting point (Celsius)
122.40
Melting point (Kelvin)
395.55
Boiling point (Celsius)
250.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
523.15
General information
Molecular weight
122.12g/mol
Molar mass
122.1220g/mol
Density
1.2650g/cm3
Appearence

Benzoic acid appears as a white, crystalline solid. It is known for its elongated, leaf-like crystals. The compound is practically odorless but may have a faint, pleasant odor when in its pure form.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of Benzoic Acid

Benzoic acid, with the chemical formula C7H6O2, is a fascinating compound when it comes to solubility. This aromatic carboxylic acid exhibits varying solubility characteristics depending on the solvent used:

  • In Water: Benzoic acid has limited solubility in water, typically around 0.3 g per 100 mL at room temperature. This is primarily due to its hydrophobic aromatic ring which hinders strong interactions with water molecules.
  • In Organic Solvents: It is much more soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, chloroform, and ether. The non-polar sections of these solvents allow for enhanced interaction with the non-polar parts of benzoic acid.
  • Effect of pH: The solubility of benzoic acid can also increase significantly when the pH of the solution is adjusted. Benzoic acid can ionize to form benzoate ions in basic conditions, which are much more soluble in water.

To summarize, the solubility of benzoic acid can be described as:

  1. Low in water due to its hydrophobic nature.
  2. High in organic solvents because of compatible interactions.
  3. Increased in basic conditions via ionization.

Understanding these solubility traits is crucial for its applications in various chemical processes and industries.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts About Benzoic Acid

Benzoic acid, a simple aromatic carboxylic acid, has a variety of notable features that make it an intriguing compound for both chemists and students alike.

Chemical Structure and Properties

Being a derivative of benzenes, its structure consists of a benzene ring attached to a carboxyl group (-COOH). Here are some fascinating aspects of its structure and properties:

  • Aromatic Nature: The presence of the benzene ring gives benzoic acid its distinct aromatic properties, which influence its chemical behavior and reactivity.
  • Weak Acid: Benzoic acid is classified as a weak acid, which means it partially dissociates in solution, contributing to its utility in various applications.

Natural Occurrence and Uses

Benzoic acid is found in nature, particularly in:

  • Fruits: It occurs naturally in many fruits, especially in the form of benzoate salts.
  • Fermented Foods: Its antimicrobial properties make it a valuable compound in food preservation.

Additionally, benzoic acid is widely utilized in several industries:

  • Food Industry: It is commonly used as a food preservative, helping to inhibit the growth of mold and bacteria.
  • Pharmaceuticals: Its derivatives are integral in the production of numerous medications and ointments.
  • Cosmetics: Benzoic acid is also a component in some personal care products for its antibacterial properties.

Historical Significance

Historically, benzoic acid has been recognized since the 16th century, and it was first isolated from gum benzoin, which is produced from the resin of the Styrax tree. Over the years, it has fascinated scientists and has been a subject of extensive research, contributing significantly to our understanding of organic acids.

Safety and Environmental Impact

While benzoic acid is generally regarded as safe for human consumption in regulated amounts, it is always essential to be aware of:

  • Regulations: The FDA has established limits on its use in food products.
  • Environmental Considerations: Its degradation products can impact aquatic life, thus careful disposal is necessary.

In summary, benzoic acid is a fascinating compound with a rich history, numerous applications, and significant relevance in both natural and industrial contexts.

Synonyms
Benzoic acid-alpha-13C
3880-99-7
BENZOICACID-ALPHA-13C
Benzoic acid-13C
Benzoic-13C Acid
Benzoic acid-|A-13C
Benzoic acid-(carboxy-13C)
MFCD00002399
Benzoic acid- alpha -13C
DTXSID80274646
HY-N0216S2
AKOS015889526
Benzoic acid-alpha-13C, 99 atom % 13C
BENZOIC ACID (CARBOXYL-13C, 99%)
CS-0226416
F13987