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Biphenyl

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Identification
Molecular formula
C12H10
CAS number
92-52-4
IUPAC name
biphenyl;phenoxybenzene
State
State

At room temperature, biphenyl is in a solid state. The compound is stable, though it is volatile and can sublimate at higher temperatures. It slowly volatilizes at normal room temperature.

Melting point (Celsius)
69.20
Melting point (Kelvin)
342.35
Boiling point (Celsius)
256.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
529.15
General information
Molecular weight
154.21g/mol
Molar mass
154.2090g/mol
Density
1.0400g/cm3
Appearence

Biphenyl is a colorless to pale yellow crystalline solid. It can also appear as slightly off white, depending on its purity. It has a distinct pleasant odor. The crystals are often seen in flaky or powder form and can have a slightly oily texture when impure.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of Biphenyl

Biphenyl, chemically represented as C12H10, exhibits interesting solubility characteristics:

  • Solvent Properties: Biphenyl is primarily soluble in organic solvents such as ether, benzene, and chloroform.
  • Water Solubility: It is insoluble in water due to its non-polar nature, which makes it challenging for water molecules to interact effectively.
  • Temperature Dependence: Solubility can increase with temperature, as is typical for many organic compounds.

Phenoxybenzene

Phenoxybenzene, with the formula C12H10O, shows differing solubility properties:

  • Polar and Non-Polar Solvents: Similar to biphenyl, phenoxybenzene is better soluble in organic solvents and may dissolve in alcohols and ethers.
  • Water Solubility: It is also practically insoluble in water, which reflects its hydrophobic characteristics.
  • Effect of Substitution: The presence of the -O- (ether) functional group does slightly enhance solubility in certain polar solvents.

In summary, both compounds exhibit a strong tendency towards solubility in non-polar solvents while remaining largely insoluble in water. This characteristic is crucial for their applications in various chemical processes.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about Biphenyl (Phenoxybenzene)

Biphenyl, also known as phenoxybenzene, is a fascinating organic compound that has garnered attention for its unique structural properties and applications. Here are some engaging insights about this compound:

  • Chemical Structure: Biphenyl consists of two benzene rings connected by a single bond. This structure plays a vital role in its chemical behavior and interactions.
  • Applications: This versatile compound is widely used in various fields, including:
    • Organic Synthesis: Biphenyl serves as a crucial intermediate in the synthesis of numerous chemicals and materials.
    • Industrial Solvent: It is a common solvent for chemical reactions due to its stability and ability to dissolve a variety of organic compounds.
    • Heat Transfer Fluids: Biphenyl is utilized in heat transfer applications, especially in high-temperature installations.
  • Environmental & Health Considerations: Being a potentially hazardous substance, biphenyl poses environmental and health risks. It's classified as toxic to aquatic life, and exposure can lead to health issues, making safe handling practices essential.
  • Historical Significance: Biphenyl was first identified in the mid-19th century, and its study has contributed significantly to our understanding of aromatic compounds.

Researchers continue to explore new uses and modifications of biphenyl, aiming to harness its properties for innovative applications while addressing its safety concerns.
The compound is a prime example of how simple structural variations in chemistry can lead to a wide range of functionalities and uses in both industry and research.

Synonyms
8004-13-5
Diphyl
DOWTHERM A
Dowtherm
Dinil
Dinyl
HSDB 137
1,1'-Biphenyl, mixt. with 1,1'-oxybis(benzene)
1,1'-Biphenyl, mixt. with 1,1'-oxybis[benzene]
DIPHENYL-DIPHENYL ETHER MIXTURE
PHENYL ETHER, CMPD WITH BIPHENYL
1,1'-BIPHENYL, MIXT WITH 1,1'-OXYBIS(BENZENE)
616-827-0
PHENYL ETHER-BIPHENYL EUTECTIC
Dowtherm(R) A
1,1'-biphenyl compound with oxydibenzene
Biphenyl diphenyl ether eutectic
1,1'-biphenyl;phenoxybenzene
Phenyl Ether-biphenyl Eutectic(w/w=7/3)
Therminol VP
Phenyl ether, compd with biphenyl
MFCD00148859
Dowtherm-A
Dowtherm(R)A
Dow-Therm-A
PhPh PhOPh
phenyl ether biphenyl
biphenyl diphenyl ether
diphenyl ether biphenyl
SCHEMBL432857
DIPHENYL; DIPHENYL-ETHER
DTXSID9073387
MHCVCKDNQYMGEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
26.5%diphenyl+73.5%diphenyl oxide
AKOS015918382
CS-W023124
F71169
1,1'-biphenyl compound with oxydibenzene (1:1)