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Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)

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Identification
Molecular formula
C3H3N;C4H6;C8H8
CAS number
9003-56-9
IUPAC name
buta-1,3-diene;prop-2-enenitrile;styrene
State
State

At room temperature, ABS is a solid polymer exhibiting the properties of both acrylonitrile and polystyrene. Comprising the characteristics of each, it is a rigid, tough, and impact-resistant plastic.

Melting point (Celsius)
105.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
378.15
Boiling point (Celsius)
-17.90
Boiling point (Kelvin)
255.25
General information
Molecular weight
0.00g/mol
Molar mass
0.0000g/mol
Density
1.0400g/cm3
Appearence

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) is typically an opaque thermoplastic and amorphous polymer. It can be produced in a variety of colors but is most frequently seen in its natural pale yellow or off-white hue. As a plastic, it can be manufactured with a glossy surface finish.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of Buta-1,3-diene; Prop-2-enenitrile; Styrene

The solubility characteristics of the compounds buta-1,3-diene, prop-2-enenitrile, and styrene are quite fascinating due to their structural and functional similarities, despite some differences in polarity and reactive properties.

  • Buta-1,3-diene: This compound is a non-polar hydrocarbon, which means it is generally insoluble in water. However, it is soluble in organic solvents such as hexane and ether.
  • Prop-2-enenitrile: On the other hand, prop-2-enenitrile (acrylonitrile) is more polar due to the presence of the nitrile group. It exhibits moderate solubility in water, with solubility levels around 20 g/L at 25 °C. Moreover, it is also miscible with various organic solvents.
  • Styrene: As a non-polar compound, styrene shows very low solubility in water, typically less than 0.1 g/L. It is, however, quite soluble in organic solvents such as benzene and alcohols.

In summary, we can observe the following trend in their solubility:

  1. Buta-1,3-diene: Insoluble in water, soluble in non-polar organic solvents.
  2. Prop-2-enenitrile: Moderately soluble in water and well soluble in polar organic solvents.
  3. Styrene: Insoluble in water, soluble in hydrocarbons and organic solvents.

Understanding these solubility properties is crucial for applications in industrial chemistry and polymer science, as they influence the behavior of these compounds in various chemical processes.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about Buta-1,3-diene, Prop-2-enenitrile, and Styrene

Buta-1,3-diene, prop-2-enenitrile, and styrene are fascinating compounds that play significant roles in both industrial applications and academic research.

Buta-1,3-diene

This compound is a key player in the production of synthetic rubber, particularly in the manufacture of polymers such as polybutadiene. Here are some intriguing points about buta-1,3-diene:

  • Polymerization: Buta-1,3-diene readily undergoes addition polymerization, allowing it to create various copolymers with other monomers.
  • Reactivity: Due to its diene structure, it can participate in Diels-Alder reactions, making it a versatile building block in organic synthesis.
  • Structure: The compound features two double bonds that allow for interesting stereochemistry during reactions.

Prop-2-enenitrile

Commonly known as acrylonitrile, prop-2-enenitrile is a vital ingredient in the production of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and other important materials. Key facts include:

  • Versatility: It serves not only in the creation of plastics but also in fiber production, specifically in the manufacturing of acrylic fibers.
  • Industrial Significance: Acrylonitrile is used extensively in the creation of thermoplastic resins and paints due to its excellent adhesion properties.
  • Hazard Awareness: While valuable, prop-2-enenitrile is also a toxic compound, necessitating careful handling and proper lab safety measures.

Styrene

Styrene is perhaps one of the most recognized compounds due to its widespread use in everyday products. Here are a few highlights:

  • Emphasis on Sustainability: Styrene can be derived from renewable resources, making its synthesis more sustainable compared to traditional fossil-fuel-derived methods.
  • Applications: It is predominantly used in the production of polystyrene, which finds its way into packaging, insulation, and disposable cups.
  • Health Considerations: Against its utility, styrene exposure has raised health concerns, requiring research towards safer derivatives and alternatives.

In conclusion, the combination of these three compounds presents intriguing opportunities for advancements in materials science. Their unique properties and applications contribute significantly to various industries, marking them as essential components in modern chemistry.

Synonyms
Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer
acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
ABS
buta-1,3-diene;prop-2-enenitrile;styrene
Abs resins
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
SCHEMBL15661
butadiene styrene acrylonitrile
styrene-butadiene acrylonitrile
FA61686
Q143496