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Californium

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Identification
Molecular formula
Cf
CAS number
7440-71-3
IUPAC name
californium
State
State

Californium is a silvery-white actinide metal in the solid state at room temperature. It is a radioactive element that is rarely found naturally and is typically synthesized in nuclear reactors.

Melting point (Celsius)
900.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
1 173.15
Boiling point (Celsius)
1 743.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
2 016.15
General information
Molecular weight
251.00g/mol
Molar mass
251.0000g/mol
Density
15.1000g/cm3
Appearence

Californium appears as a silvery metal, but it quickly tarnishes when exposed to air, similar to actinides like americium and plutonium. In its metallic state, it is malleable and thin films can be easily cut.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of Californium

Californium (Cf) is a rare and radioactive element, known primarily for its use in scientific research and nuclear applications. When considering its solubility, it is important to note that californium does not exist in solution like typical soluble salts.

Solubility characteristics of californium include:

  • Solvent Interaction: Californium has limited solubility due to its metallic nature; it does not readily form soluble salts in water.
  • Complex Formation: The formation of californium complexes with ligands can occasionally lead to solubility under specific conditions, but these interactions are highly complex and dependent on surrounding environmental factors.
  • Solid State: In its elemental form, californium is a solid that does not dissolve appreciably compared to traditional ionic compounds.
  • pH Effects: An increase in acidity or basicity might influence the solubility of californium compounds, but this scenario is rare and highly specific.

In general, due to its radioactivity and rarity, handling and studying californium must be approached with caution, and solubility is often not a primary concern for practical applications. As scientists emphasize, "The unique properties of actinides like californium often overshadow traditional solubility studies." As such, understanding its behavior in different environments remains a valuable yet challenging area of research.

Interesting facts

Exciting Facts About Californium

Californium, a member of the actinide series, is a synthetic element with intriguing properties and applications. Discovered in 1950 by a team of scientists including Glenn T. Seaborg, it is named after the state of California, where the discovery was made. Here are some notable aspects of Californium:

  • Radioactive Nature: Californium is highly radioactive, and isotopes like 252Cf are known for their ability to emit neutrons, leading to its crucial role in nuclear science.
  • Medical Applications: Its neutron-emitting properties make Californium valuable in cancer treatment, specifically in neutron therapy for certain types of tumors.
  • Rare Element: Californium is extremely rare, with only small amounts produced in specialized nuclear reactors and laboratories. This rarity contributes to its high value.
  • Use in Nuclear Reactors: It serves as a key source of neutrons, thus enabling the initiation of fission reactions in nuclear reactors.
  • Detection of Gold and Silver: Californium-252 is utilized in nuclear reactors to detect gold and silver minerals, aiding in the mining industry.

Given its reactive nature, Californium must be handled with care, employing specialized equipment. Environments where it is used often require strict safety protocols. As noted by scientists, "The contributions of such elements push the boundaries of our understanding and capabilities within nuclear chemistry."

Californium stands as a testament to human ingenuity in the field of chemistry, blending discovery with practical application in a myriad of scientific sectors.

Synonyms
CALIFORNIUM
californium atom
7440-71-3
californio
Kalifornium
UNII-975X05H15A
CALIFORNIUM [MI]
CALIFORNIUM [HSDB]
975X05H15A
CALIFORNIUM, ELEMENTAL
CHEBI:33392
HSDB 7386
DTXSID00225392
DTXCID00147883
Cf
Californium, radioactive
Californium Ion
Californium, ion(Cf3 )
98Cf
Q1888
22541-43-1