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Mercury(II) chloride

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Identification
Molecular formula
HgCl2
CAS number
7487-94-7
IUPAC name
chloromercury;dichloromercury
State
State

At room temperature, mercury(II) chloride is a solid. Highly toxic and corrosive, it requires careful handling.

Melting point (Celsius)
276.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
549.15
Boiling point (Celsius)
302.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
575.15
General information
Molecular weight
271.52g/mol
Molar mass
271.5200g/mol
Density
5.4300g/cm3
Appearence

Mercury(II) chloride appears as a white crystalline solid and is known for its tendency to sublimate. The crystals are often fine and needle-like, forming a structure that can be quite brittle. It is highly soluble in water, which contributes to its usefulness in laboratory settings.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of Chloromercury (Dichloromercury)

Dichloromercury, also known as chloromercury, exhibits interesting solubility characteristics that are crucial for various applications. Its solubility can be summarized as follows:

  • Solvent Dependence: Dichloromercury is typically soluble in polar solvents, particularly water and alcohols. This behavior is attributed to the interaction of the polar groups present in the compound.
  • Temperature Influence: As with many chemical compounds, the solubility of dichloromercury tends to increase with temperature, allowing more of the compound to dissolve.
  • pH Effects: The solubility can also be affected by the pH of the solution, where acidic conditions may enhance solubility due to protonation reactions.
  • Precipitation Considerations: In certain conditions, like high concentrations, dichloromercury can precipitate, creating solid phases which may complicate its use in processes requiring precise concentrations.

It is important to note that while dichloromercury is soluble under many conditions, care should be taken due to its toxicity. The phrase "soluble yet hazardous" aptly describes this compound, reminding users to handle it with caution.

In summary, understanding the solubility of dichloromercury is key to harnessing its beneficial properties while mitigating risks. Ensuring optimal solvent choice, temperature control, and considering pH can optimize its usage in experiments and applications.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about Dichloromercury

Dichloromercury, also known as mercury(II) chloride, is an intriguing chemical compound with various important aspects that highlight its relevance in both historical and modern chemistry.

Historical Significance

This compound has a long history, having been used as a disinfectant and preservative in the past. Its applications can be traced back to:

  • Old medical practices where it was employed as a treatment for syphilis.
  • Utilization in the 19th century for its antiseptic properties in surgical settings.
  • Interest from early chemists for its unique properties and interactions with other substances.

Chemical Properties

Dichloromercury possesses several notable chemical characteristics:

  • It is a strong toxic agent, which has led to its careful restriction in use.
  • Participates in complexation reactions, forming various organomercury compounds.
  • Acts effectively as a catalyst in some chemical reactions.

Modern Applications

Despite its toxic nature, dichloromercury remains relevant in modern chemistry:

  • Used in laboratory settings as a reagent for synthesizing other mercury-containing compounds.
  • Helps in studying the behavior of mercury in biological systems.
  • Contributes to the development of chemical sensors that detect the presence of mercury in the environment.

Safety Considerations

Due to the risks associated with mercury compounds, safety is paramount:

  • Mishandling can lead to severe health effects, including neurological damage.
  • Proper protective equipment such as gloves and masks should always be used when handling diclhromercury.
  • Effective disposal methods are essential to prevent environmental contamination.

In conclusion, dichloromercury serves as a prime example of how chemical compounds can have both beneficial applications and dangerous consequences. Its history and properties continue to elicit interest and caution within the scientific community.

Synonyms
Mercury chloride (Hg2Cl2), mixt. with mercury chloride (HgCl2)
DTXCID60152958
Mercury chloride (Hg2Cl2), mixt. with mercury chloride (HgCl2) (9CI)
8065-83-6
calo-clor
dtxsid60230467