Chromium | Solubility of Things

Identification

Molecular formula

CAS number

7440-47-3

IUPAC name

chromium

State

Chromium is typically found in a solid state at room temperature. It maintains a stable crystalline structure in the form of body-centered cubic lattice.

Melting point (Celsius)

1 907.00

Melting point (Kelvin)

2 180.00

Boiling point (Celsius)

2 671.00

Boiling point (Kelvin)

2 944.00

General information

Molecular weight

52.00g/mol

Molar mass

51.9960g/mol

Density

7.1900g/cm³

Appearence

Chromium is a lustrous, steely-gray metal with a high polish. It is hard and brittle, often presenting a shiny metallic appearance. The metal can be polished to achieve a high mirror finish.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of Chromium Compounds

Chromium (Cr), a transition metal, manifests various solubility behaviors depending on its oxidation state and the forming compound. In general, the solubility of chromium compounds can be categorized as follows:

Chromium(III) Compounds: Most Cr(III) compounds are quite insoluble in water. For example, chromium(III) oxide (Cr₂O₃) and chromium(III) sulfate (Cr₂(SO₄)₃) exhibit very low solubility, making them precipitating agents in various chemical processes.
Chromium(VI) Compounds: In contrast, Cr(VI) compounds such as potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇) are known for their high solubility in water. They can dissociate into highly reactive ions, contributing to their environmental and health concerns.
Complexes: Some chromium complexes, particularly those with organic ligands, can greatly enhance solubility. For instance, chromium(III) acetate is considerably more soluble than its inorganic counterparts.

Additionally, the general statement regarding solubility of chromium compounds can be summarized as:

"The solubility of chromium compounds is heavily influenced by the valence state and the presence of ligands."

Understanding the solubility properties of chromium is essential in fields like environmental chemistry and materials science, as it dictates how chromium behaves in various chemical settings.

Interesting facts

Exploring the Fascinating Element: Chromium

Chromium, represented chemically as Cr, is a transition metal and a vital element in our world for various reasons. Here are some intriguing facts that highlight its significance:

Historical Significance: Discovered in 1797 by the French chemist Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin, chromium was initially isolated from its mineral, crocoite, which is a lead chromate. Its name derives from the Greek word chroma, meaning color, due to its vibrant compounds.
Versatile Oxidation States: Chromium exhibits multiple oxidation states ranging from -2 to +6, with +3 and +6 being the most common. Each state imparts unique chemical properties, making chromium especially versatile in compounds like chromates and dichromates.
Industrial Importance: Chromium is best known for its application in the production of stainless steel. It is added to enhance corrosion resistance and improve the strength and hardness of the steel.
Environmental Influence: While chromium has many beneficial uses, particularly in manufacturing and metallurgy, its +6 oxidation state is notably toxic and carcinogenic, raising concerns about environmental pollution and health risks.
Chromotherapy: Beyond industrial uses, certain shades of chromium compounds are used in art and decoration. They also play a role in 'chromotherapy,' a form of alternative medicine, believed to utilize colors to influence psychological well-being.
Biological Role: Interestingly, chromium is an essential trace element in humans, influencing insulin action and glucose metabolism, thus playing a critical role in nutrition.
Alloy Applications: Various alloys containing chromium are developed for specific applications, from aerospace technology to automotive parts, showcasing chromium's ability to enhance material properties.

In conclusion, chromium is not just any element; it is a dynamic and multifaceted substance that balances utility with environmental considerations. Whether in art, industry, or biochemistry, its pervasive influence is undeniable.

Synonyms

CHROMIUM

7440-47-3

Chrome

Chrom

cromo

chromium atom

Dinakrome

BioChrome

CCRIS 159

HSDB 910

24Cr

EINECS 231-157-5

CHEBI:28073

0R0008Q3JB

DTXSID3031022

EC 231-157-5

CHROMIUM, METALLIC (IARC)

CHROMIUM, METALLIC [IARC]

CHROMIUM ELEMENT

Chromium Metallicum

ALPASTE RRA 030

ALPASTE RRA 050

DTXCID1011022

CHROMIUM FULLERIDE (CRC20)

231-157-5

chromium, metal (acgih)

nsc293779

Chromium, elemental

Chromium metal

Chromium, metal

Chromium chips

Chromium powder

chromide(1-)

CHROMIUM ION

Chromium powder, APS <10 micron

Chrome [French]

Chrom [German]

Chromium AA Standard: Cr @ 1000 microg/mL in 5% HCl

MFCD00010944

Sulfur-Free Chromium Concentrate: Cr @ approx. 3.5 wt% in Hydrocarbons

19498-56-7

Chromium Standard: Cr @ 1000 microg/mL in 5% HCl

Chromium Standard: Cr @ 10000 microg/mL in 5% HCl

Chromium Standard: Cr @ 1000 microg/mL in 5% HNO3

Chromium Standard: Cr @ 10000 microg/mL in 5% HNO3

chromium anion

Chromium flakes

UNII-0R0008Q3JB

Chromium pellets

Chromium MOF

Chromium Nanorods

Chromium Standard

chromide(-I)

Chromium Nanopowder

Chromium Nanoprisms

Chromium crystallites

Chromium Metal Chips

Chromium Micro Powder

10A - Metals

Chromium, ion(Cr3+)

CHROMIUM [HSDB]

CHROMIUM [MI]

CHROMIUM [VANDF]

Chromium, ion (Cr1-)

Chromium, ion (Cr3 )

Chromium pieces, irregular

CHROMIUM [WHO-DD]

Epitope ID:114071

Chromium, ion (Cr 3+)

Chromium pellets 3mm x 6mm

Ultra Thin Chromium Nanofoil

Chromium powder, -100 mesh

Chromium powder, -325 mesh

Cr(-)

Chromium Standard: Cr @ 10 microg/mL in 2% HNO3

Chromium, puriss., 98.0%

Chromium granules, -4+7 mesh

Chromium Metal Organic Framework

Chromium Metal-Organic Framework

Chromium Powder, 99.5% Nano

Titanium Metal Organic Framework

CHEBI:33010

Chromium powder, -10+20 mesh

Chromium Standard: Cr @ 1000 microg/g in Hydrocarbon Oil

Chromium Standard: Cr @ 5000 microg/g in Hydrocarbon Oil

DTXSID401315238

Chromium Hollow Cathode Lamp: 1.5" Diameter, 2-pin, Non-Coded

Chromium Hollow Cathode Lamp: 2.0" Diameter, 4-pin, Cableless

Chromium Hollow Cathode Lamp: 2.0" Diameter, 9-pin, Non-Coded

Chromium nanopowder (60-80 nm)

Chromium powder, -100+325 mesh

Silica (SiO2) Photoelectric Crystal

Sulfur-Free Chromium Standard: Cr @ 1000 microg/g in Hydrocarbon Oil

Sulfur-Free Chromium Standard: Cr @ 5000 microg/g in Hydrocarbon Oil

Chromium flake, electrolytic <1 inch

AKOS015833211

DB11136

Chromium pieces, 1-25mm (0.04-1in)

Chromium, powder, 99.5%, -100 mesh

Q725

Chromium pieces, 3-8mm (0.1-0.31in)

Chromium, coating quality, 99.95%, grit

Chromium cubes, 12.5mm (0.492in) square

Chromium, chips, thickness ~2 mm, 99.5%

NS00099583

Chromium chunks, 2-15mm (0.08-0.59in)

Chromium pieces, 3-12mm (0.12-0.47in)

C06268

Chromium - Cr @ 1000 microg/mL in 5% HCl

Chromium, chips, 99.995% trace metals basis

Chromium - Cr @ 1000 microg/mL in 5% HNO3

Chromium pieces, 2-3mm (0.08-0.12in) thick

Chromium powder, -100 mesh, 99% (metals basis)

Chromium powder, -325 mesh, 99% (metals basis)

Chromium, bar, 100mm x 2mm x 2mm, 99.7+%

Chromium, rod, 10mm, diameter 2.0mm, 99.7+%

Chromium, rod, 10mm, diameter 5.0mm, 99.7+%

Chromium, rod, 25mm, diameter 2.0mm, 99.7+%

Chromium, rod, 25mm, diameter 5.0mm, 99.7+%

Chromium, rod, 50mm, diameter 2.0mm, 99.7+%

Chromium, rod, 50mm, diameter 5.0mm, 99.7+%

Chromium - Cr @ 1000 microg/g in Hydrocarbon Oil

Chromium - Cr @ 5000 microg/g in Hydrocarbon Oil

Chromium cubes, typically 6.35mm (0.25in) square

Chromium, rod, 100mm, diameter 2.0mm, 99.7+%

Chromium, rod, 100mm, diameter 5.0mm, 99.7+%

Chromium crystallite pieces, 2-15mm (0.08-0.59in)

Q27115184

Chromium, powder, >=99% trace metals basis, -325 mesh

Chromium, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 3.0mm, hard, 99.95%

Chromium, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 2.0mm, hard, 99.7+%

Chromium, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 2.0mm, hard, 99.7+%

Chromium, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 3.0mm, hard, 99.95%

Chromium pieces, electrolytic, 6mm & down, 99.997% (metals basis)

Chromium, rod, 0.5 mm diameter, length 50 mm, purity 99.7+%

Chromium, rod, 1.0 mm diameter, length 50 mm, purity 99.7+%

Chromium, rod, 8.0 mm diameter, length 100 mm, purity 99.7+%

Chromium, rod, 8.0 mm diameter, length 50 mm, purity 99.7+%

Chromium, rod, length 25 mm, 0.5 mm diameter, purity 99.7+%

Chromium single crystal, 8-10mm (0.3-0.4in) dia, random orientation

Chromium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.99%

Chromium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, size 12.5 x 12.5 mm, purity 99.99%

Chromium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.99%

Chromium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.99%

Chromium, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.99%

Chromium, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, size 12.5 x 12.5 mm, purity 99.99%

Chromium, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.99%

Chromium, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.99%

Chromium, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, size 75 x 75 mm, purity 99.99%

Chromium, foil, thickness 1.5 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.99%

Chromium, foil, thickness 1.5 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.99%

Chromium, foil, thickness 1.5 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.99%

Chromium, foil, thickness 2.0 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.99%

Chromium, foil, thickness 2.0 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.99%

Chromium, foil, thickness 2.0 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.99%

Chromium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 10 g, purity 99.99%

Chromium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 100 g, purity 99.95%

Chromium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 100 g, purity 99.99%

Chromium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 20 g, purity 99.95%

Chromium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 20 g, purity 99.99%

Chromium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 200 g, purity 99.95%

Chromium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 200 g, purity 99.99%

Chromium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 50 g, purity 99.95%

Chromium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 50 g, purity 99.99%

Chromium, lump, 25 mm max. lump size, weight 100 g, purity 99.95%

Chromium, lump, 25 mm max. lump size, weight 1000 g, purity 99.95%

Chromium, lump, 25 mm max. lump size, weight 200 g, purity 99.95%

Chromium, lump, 25 mm max. lump size, weight 50 g, purity 99.95%

Chromium, powder, mean particle size <10 micron, weight 20 g, purity 99%

Chromium, powder, mean particle size <10 micron, weight 50 g, purity 99%

Chromium single crystal, 8-10mm (0.3-0.4in) dia, (100) orientation, +/-2 degrees

Chromium single crystal, 8-10mm (0.3-0.4in) dia, (110) orientation, +/-2 degrees

Chromium single crystal, 8-10mm (0.3-0.4in) dia, (111) orientation, +/-2 degrees

Chromium sputtering target, 50.8mm (2.0in) dia x 3.18mm (0.125in) thick

Chromium sputtering target, 76.2mm (3.0in) dia x 6.35mm (0.250in) thick

Chromium, powder, <10 mean particle size (micron), weight 100 g, purity 99%

Chromium, powder, <10 mean particle size (micron), weight 200 g, purity 99%

Chromium, powder, 200 max. part. size (micron), weight 200 g, purity 99.0+%

Chromium, powder, 200 max. part. size (micron), weight 2000 g, purity 99.0+%

Chromium, powder, 200 max. part. size (micron), weight 50 g, purity 99.0+%

Chromium, powder, 38 max. part. size (micron), weight 100 g, purity 99.0+%

Chromium, powder, max. particle size 200 micron, weight 100 g, purity 99.+%

Chromium, powder, max. particle size 200 micron, weight 1000 g, purity 99.+%

Chromium, powder, max. particle size 200 micron, weight 500 g, purity 99.+%

Chromium, powder, max. particle size 38 micron, weight 1000 g, purity 99.+%

Chromium, powder, max. particle size 38 micron, weight 200 g, purity 99.+%

Chromium, powder, max. particle size 38 micron, weight 50 g, purity 99.+%

Chromium, powder, max. particle size 38 micron, weight 500 g, purity 99.+%

Chromium, powder, max. particle size 45 micron, weight 100 g, min. particle size 38 micron

Chromium, powder, max. particle size 45 micron, weight 200 g, min. particle size 38 micron

Chromium, powder, max. particle size 45 micron, weight 50 g, min. particle size 38 micron

Chromium, powder, max. particle size 45 micron, weight 500 g, min. particle size 38 micron

Chromium single crystal disc, 10mm (0.39in) dia, 1-3mm (0.04-0.1in) thick, (100) orientation, +/-0.5 degrees

Chromium single crystal disc, 10mm (0.39in) dia, 1-3mm (0.04-0.1in) thick, (110) orientation, +/-0.5 degrees

Chromium single crystal disc, 10mm (0.39in) dia, 1-3mm (0.04-0.1in) thick, (111) orientation, +/-0.5 degrees

Chromium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.025mum, specific density 18.21mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+%

Chromium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.05mum, specific density 37.27mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+%

Chromium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.25mum, specific density 178.7mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+%

Chromium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.5mum, specific density 355mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+%

Chromium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 1.0mum, specific density 719mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+%

Chromium, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.05mum, specific density 37.27mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+%

Chromium, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.25mum, specific density 178.7mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+%

Chromium, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.5mum, specific density 355mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+%

Chromium, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 1.0mum, specific density 719mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+%

Chromium, powder, max. particle size 45 micron, weight 1000 g, min. particle size 38 micron

Chromium, sputtering target, diam. x thickness 3.00 in. x 0.125 in., 99.95% trace metals basis