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Citric acid

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Identification
Molecular formula
C6H8O7
CAS number
77-92-9
IUPAC name
citric acid;N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidyl]propanamide
State
State

At room temperature, citric acid exists as a solid. It is commonly available in a white crystalline form.

Melting point (Celsius)
153.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
426.15
Boiling point (Celsius)
310.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
583.15
General information
Molecular weight
192.12g/mol
Molar mass
192.1240g/mol
Density
1.6650g/cm3
Appearence

Citric acid is a weak organic acid with a crystalline solid appearance. It is colorless or white in appearance and often occurs as an anhydrous (water-free) form or as a monohydrate form which can appear slightly translucent due to water content.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of Citric Acid

Citric acid, a well-known organic compound, showcases remarkable solubility properties in various solvents. Here are some key points regarding its solubility:

  • Water Solubility: Citric acid is highly soluble in water, with a solubility of approximately 1 gram in 0.5 mL at room temperature.
  • pH Influence: The solubility can be affected by pH levels; as an acid, it remains more soluble in lower pH environments.
  • Organic Solvents: Citric acid exhibits limited solubility in organic solvents such as ethanol and ether, making it less favorable for non-aqueous processes.
  • Crystallization: At lower temperatures, citric acid may crystallize from solution, demonstrating its energetic transitions between dissolved and solid states.

Solubility of N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidyl]propanamide

The solubility of N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidyl]propanamide is quite distinct, influenced by its complex structure:

  • Water Behavior: This compound is expected to have low solubility in water due to its hydrophobic characteristics, stemming from extensive aromatic and aliphatic groups.
  • Organic Solvent Compatibility: It is generally more soluble in organic solvents, such as dichloromethane and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), aligning with typical behaviors of lipophilic compounds.
  • Temperature Dependency: Solubility may also increase with temperature, providing a greater amount of solute to be dissolved in certain organic mediums.

Understanding the solubility of these compounds is essential for their applications in various fields, including pharmaceuticals and food sciences. Well-defined solubility profiles can guide effective formulation and utilization in practical scenarios.

Interesting facts

Citric Acid: A Multifaceted Compound

Citric acid is an organic acid that plays a pivotal role not only in biochemistry but also in various industries. This compound is widely recognized for its presence in citrus fruits, such as lemons and limes, which contribute to its tart flavor. Here are some fascinating aspects of citric acid:

  • Metabolic Importance: Citric acid is a key player in the Citric Acid Cycle (or Krebs Cycle), which is essential for aerobic respiration in living organisms. It helps convert carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into energy.
  • Preservative Qualities: In the food industry, citric acid is often used as a natural preservative due to its ability to inhibit the growth of mold, bacteria, and yeast, thus extending the shelf life of food products.
  • pH Regulation: It is commonly utilized to regulate pH levels in various products, from food and beverages to cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
  • Biomedical Applications: In medicine, citric acid is used in formulations to enhance the solubility of certain drugs, making it a vital component in pharmaceuticals.

Cultural Symbolism

Furthermore, citric acid is not just a chemical compound; it is also a symbol of health and vitality in various cultures. Its association with fresh fruits often places it at the center of discussions about nutrition and wellness.

N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidyl]propanamide: A Unique Compound

Turning our attention to N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidyl]propanamide, this compound generates interest due to its structure and potential applications:

  • Pharmacological Insights: This compound belongs to a class of piperidine derivatives, which are frequently explored for their therapeutic properties. It has been studied for its potential effects on the central nervous system.
  • Synthesis Challenges: The preparation of this compound can pose synthetic challenges, often requiring specific conditions and reagents to yield satisfactory results.
  • Research Horizons: Ongoing research may reveal more about its biological activity, possibly leading to new therapeutic agents targeting various neurological conditions.

In conclusion, both citric acid and N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidyl]propanamide showcase the incredible diversity and functionality of chemical compounds. They remind us of the intricate connections between chemistry, biology, and their practical applications in our daily lives.

Synonyms
FENTANYL CITRATE
990-73-8
Leptanal
Oralet
Actiq
Rapinyl
Fentanyl buccal
McN-JR-4263-49
Fentanyl citrate cii
UNII-MUN5LYG46H
SUBLIMAZE PRESERVATIVE FREE
MUN5LYG46H
EINECS 213-588-0
fentanyl monocitrate
FENTANYL CITRATE PRESERVATIVE FREE
CHEBI:31602
Kw-2246
N-(1-Phenethyl-4-piperidyl)propionanilide citrate (1:1)
Propanamide, N-phenyl-N-(1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl)-, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate (1:1)
DTXSID80243933
Fentanyl citrate [USAN:USP:BAN:JAN]
N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylpropionamide citrate
INNOVAR COMPONENT FENTANYL CITRATE
FENTANYL CITRATE (MART.)
FENTANYL CITRATE [MART.]
FENTANYL CITRATE CII (USP-RS)
FENTANYL CITRATE CII [USP-RS]
FENTANYL CITRATE (EP MONOGRAPH)
FENTANYL CITRATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
Fentanyl citrate (USAN:USP:BAN:JAN)
FENTANYL CITRATE (USP MONOGRAPH)
FENTANYL CITRATE [USP MONOGRAPH]
Fentyl
N-phenyl-N-(1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidyl)propanamide citrate
N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidyl]propanamide citrate
N-phenyl-N-(1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl)propanamide 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]propanamide 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
Fentanyl Nasal Spray
Transmucosal Fentanyl Citrate
DTXCID10166424
FENTANYL CITRATE COMPONENT OF INNOVAR
213-588-0
n-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-n-phenylpropanamide monocitrate
Phentanyl citrate
Abstral
Fentanyl citrate salt
Lazanda
Onsolis
Fentanyl dihydrogen citrate
Instanyl
N-(1-Phenethyl-4-piperidyl)propionanilide citrate
Fentanyl.citrate
N-(1-Phenethyl-4-piperidyl)propionanilide dihydrogen citrate
Fentaz
N-(1-Phenethyl-4-piperidinyl)propionanilide dihydrogen citrate
R-4263
Fentanyl Citrate (1mg/ml in Methanol)
2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid;N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]propanamide
McN-JR 4263
R 5240
Abstral (TN)
Fentora (TN)
Lazanda (TN)
Oralet (TN)
Propionanilide, N-(1-phenethyl-4-piperidyl)-, citrate (1:1)
CHEMBL688
SCHEMBL40733
FENTANYL CITRATE [MI]
FENTANYL CITRATE [JAN]
Fentanyl citrate (JP18/USP)
FENTANYL CITRATE [USAN]
FENTANYL CITRATE [VANDF]
FENTANYL CITRATE [WHO-DD]
FENTANYL CITRATE [EMA EPAR]
MFCD00058359
N-Phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]propanamide citrate salt
FENTANYL CITRATE [GREEN BOOK]
AKOS024457504
FENTANYL CITRATE [ORANGE BOOK]
NS00076423
D01399
Fentanyl.citrate, 1mg/ml in Methanol (as free base)
Q27104201
N-(1-Phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylpropanamide monocitrate
Fentanyl citrate, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Fentanyl citrate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylpropionamide 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate