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Phosphoric Acid

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Identification
Molecular formula
H3PO4
CAS number
7664-38-2
IUPAC name
copper;cuprous;phosphoric acid
State
State

At room temperature, phosphoric acid typically exists as a liquid. However, when cooled, it can solidify to form crystals.

Melting point (Celsius)
42.35
Melting point (Kelvin)
315.50
Boiling point (Celsius)
158.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
431.15
General information
Molecular weight
97.99g/mol
Molar mass
97.9940g/mol
Density
1.8850g/cm3
Appearence

Phosphoric acid is a clear, colorless liquid or transparent crystalline solid. It is commonly found in its aqueous form as a viscous liquid. Upon crystallization, it forms colorless, deliquescent crystals.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)

Phosphoric acid, known chemically as H3PO4, is a fascinating compound when examining its solubility characteristics. This compound is highly soluble in water, and its solubility is influenced by various factors. The **solubility of phosphoric acid can be summarized as follows**:

  • Temperature Dependence: Solubility increases with temperature; warmer solutions can dissolve more phosphoric acid.
  • Concentration: Phosphoric acid has three acidic protons which can lead to various forms in solution, with its dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4-) and hydrogen phosphate (HPO42-) ions being particularly noteworthy.
  • pH Influence: In more acidic conditions, the solubility can be higher, creating a more favorable environment for its aqueous forms.

Furthermore, when discussing phosphoric acid in relation to its interaction with copper (in its cuprous form), it is essential to note:

  • Cuprous ions can react with phosphoric acid, forming complex species.
  • The solubility of copper phosphates is generally limited, which might lead to precipitation in certain conditions.

In summary, H3PO4 is a highly soluble acid in water, contributing to its wide range of applications in various fields, from agriculture to food processing. The complexity of its solubility illustrates the intricate interactions between acids and metal ions such as copper.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)

Phosphoric acid is a fascinating compound with a range of applications, particularly in the fields of agriculture, food, and industry. Here are some compelling insights about this vital chemical:

  • Versatile Fertilizer: Phosphoric acid is primarily used in the production of phosphate fertilizers, which are essential for plant growth. It plays a crucial role in enhancing crop yields.
  • Food Additive: This compound is commonly found in the food industry, where it acts as an acidity regulator and flavoring agent. It can be found in soft drinks and processed foods.
  • Material Processing: Phosphoric acid is used in rust removal and metal etching processes, making it valuable in the manufacturing and automotive industries.
  • Biochemical Importance: In biochemistry, phosphoric acid is a key component of nucleotides and ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which serve as the energy currency of the cell.
  • Environmental Considerations: While phosphoric acid is useful, its runoff from agricultural applications can lead to environmental issues such as algal blooms in water bodies.

As a compound, phosphoric acid underscores the balance between utility and responsibility, making it a topic of ongoing study. The quote by renowned chemist Linus Pauling resonates well here: "The best way to have a good idea is to have a lot of ideas." Embracing the multifaceted nature of phosphoric acid can lead to new perspectives in both scientific research and practical applications.

Synonyms
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