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Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate

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Identification
Molecular formula
CuSO4·5H2O
CAS number
10124-43-3
IUPAC name
copper;dihydrate
State
State

At room temperature, Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate is a solid. It is hygroscopic, meaning it can absorb moisture from the air, which may affect its handling and storage. Its vivid blue color makes it readily identifiable.

Melting point (Celsius)
110.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
383.00
Boiling point (Celsius)
650.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
923.00
General information
Molecular weight
249.69g/mol
Molar mass
159.6090g/mol
Density
2.2840g/cm3
Appearence

Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate appears as bright blue crystals, which are oblong and typically uniform in appearance. These crystals are easily soluble in water and can form a solution that is also blue in color. The compound is commonly used in laboratories and educational demonstrations for experiments related to crystallization and hydration.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of Copper(II) Dihydrate

Copper(II) dihydrate, often represented as Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate with the chemical formula CuSO4·2H2O, exhibits unique solubility characteristics that are essential for various applications. Understanding its solubility in different solvents provides insight into its behavior in both natural and industrial systems.

Solubility in Water

Copper(II) dihydrate is readily soluble in water, and some key aspects include:

  • Solubility Level: Approximately 36 grams per liter at room temperature, making it quite soluble.
  • Temperature Dependence: Its solubility increases with temperature, allowing for greater concentrations in warmer conditions.
  • Color Change: The solubility in water results in a blue solution, indicative of the presence of Cu2+ ions.

Solvent Interaction

In addition to its affinity for water, copper(II) dihydrate has limited solubility in organic solvents such as alcohols or ethers. Its behavior can be summarized as follows:

  • Polar Solvents: It may dissolve in polar solvents to a lesser degree.
  • Non-Polar Solvents: Copper(II) dihydrate is generally insoluble in non-polar solvents.

In summary, the solubility of copper(II) dihydrate in water highlights its significance in chemical processes and its applications in agriculture, medicine, and chemistry. As with many copper compounds, understanding solubility is crucial for effective usage and safety considerations.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts About Copper(II) Sulfate Dihydrate

Copper(II) sulfate dihydrate, commonly recognized by its striking blue color, is a fascinating chemical compound that has a variety of uses across different fields such as agriculture, chemistry, and even art. Here are some interesting insights about this compound:

1. Key Properties and Uses

  • Fungicide and Herbicide: Copper(II) sulfate dihydrate is widely used in agriculture as a fungicide to combat plant diseases. It helps in controlling various fungi and algae that can harm crops.
  • Blue Vitriol: It is often referred to as blue vitriol due to its vibrant blue crystalline form, making it a popular choice for educational demonstrations in chemistry.
  • Chemical Reagent: In laboratories, it serves as a significant reagent in various chemical reactions, particularly in electrochemistry and in determining the presence of reducing sugars.

2. Historical Significance

Copper(II) sulfate has a rich history, with applications dating back to ancient civilizations. It was used in the ancient world for:

  • Staining wood and textiles
  • Preserving animal skins
  • Medicinal uses

3. Safety and Environmental Considerations

While copper(II) sulfate dihydrate has beneficial uses, it’s crucial to handle it with care:

  • Toxicity: It can be toxic to aquatic life, so proper disposal and application methods should be followed.
  • Protective Gear: When working with this compound, it is advisable to wear protective gloves and eyewear, as it can cause irritation.

4. Fun Fact

The crystal structure of copper(II) sulfate dihydrate showcases beautiful blue crystals, which not only make it an educational tool for students studying crystallography but also a popular item among collectors of mineral specimens.

In conclusion, copper(II) sulfate dihydrate exemplifies the blend of beauty and utility in chemistry, showcasing how understanding compounds at a molecular level can lead to practical applications that benefit various sectors of society.

Synonyms
copper;dihydrate
copper(II)hydroxide
Copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2)
MFCD00010968
Nu-Cop
Caswell No. 242
HSDB 262
Hydrocop T
EINECS 243-815-9
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 023401
UNII-3314XO9W9A
SCHEMBL5363135
AKOS015903383
Copper(II) hydroxide, technical grade
NS00075804
EC 243-815-9