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Hydrazine Hydrate

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Identification
Molecular formula
N2H4·H2O
CAS number
7803-57-8
IUPAC name
hydrazine;hydrate
State
State

At room temperature, hydrazine hydrate exists as an oily liquid that is completely miscible with water.

Melting point (Celsius)
-51.70
Melting point (Kelvin)
221.45
Boiling point (Celsius)
114.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
387.15
General information
Molecular weight
50.06g/mol
Molar mass
50.0580g/mol
Density
1.0320g/cm3
Appearence

Hydrazine hydrate is a colorless, fuming, oily liquid. It has a faint ammonia-like odor and can cause severe irritation to the eyes and skin upon contact.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of Hydrazine Hydrate

Hydrazine hydrate, with the chemical formula N2H4·H2O, displays notable solubility characteristics that are essential for its use in various applications:

  • Highly soluble in water: Hydrazine hydrate is known for its excellent solubility in water, with solubility exceeding 100 g/L.
  • Polar solvent interaction: The hydrophilic nature of the molecule largely contributes to its solubility, allowing it to effectively dissolve in polar solvents.
  • Temperature dependency: Solubility can vary with temperature; generally, increased temperature enhances solubility.

As chemistry enthusiasts often say, "Like dissolves like." Thus, the ability of hydrazine hydrate to interact favorably with water plays a significant role in its functionality and versatility in synthetic chemistry and other fields. It's important to handle this compound with care, given its reactive nature, but its solubility properties make it an invaluable reagent in various chemical processes.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about Hydrazine Hydrate

Hydrazine hydrate is a fascinating chemical compound that has garnered attention in various scientific fields due to its unique properties and applications. Here are some intriguing facts that showcase the significance of hydrazine hydrate:

1. A Versatile Reactive Agent

  • Known for its strong nucleophilic nature, hydrazine hydrate is widely used in organic synthesis.
  • It serves as a reducing agent, making it integral in chemical reactions where transition metal oxides are transformed into metals.
  • Hydrazine can react with carbonyl compounds, leading to the formation of hydrazones, which are valuable intermediates in many organic reactions.

2. Role in Rocket Propellants

One of the most notable applications of hydrazine hydrate lies in the aerospace industry:

  • It is often used as a propellant in spacecraft due to its high energy release upon combustion.
  • Hydrazine-based fuels can be hypergolic, igniting spontaneously upon contact with an oxidizer, which simplifies the fuel delivery systems in rockets.

3. Environmental Impact and Safety Considerations

While hydrazine hydrate is useful, it also poses certain risks:

  • It is classified as a toxic substance, requiring careful handling to avoid exposure.
  • Hydrazine can have harmful effects on human health if inhaled or ingested, including respiratory issues and potential carcinogenic effects.

Because of these hazards, stringent regulations and safety measures are implemented to mitigate its risks during industrial and laboratory use.

4. Hydrazine in Pharmaceuticals

Beyond industrial applications, hydrazine derivatives are explored in medicine:

  • Hydrazine has been studied for its potential in treating conditions like tuberculosis and as an adjunct therapy for certain types of cancer.
  • Research into hydrazine's biological activity continues to unveil new therapeutic possibilities, making it a compound of interest in drug development.

5. Historical Context

Hydrazine was first synthesized in the 19th century and has played a role in scientific development:

  • Its discovery can be attributed to the need for chemicals that facilitate reactions necessary for various industrial processes.
  • Significant advancements in both chemical synthesis and applications have made hydrazine and its derivatives pivotal in contemporary chemistry.

In summary, hydrazine hydrate is much more than a simple compound. Its ability to facilitate chemical reactions, serve as a propellant, and contribute to pharmaceutical research showcases its diverse importance in both the scientific and industrial realms.

Synonyms
Hydrazine hydrate
Hydrazine monohydrate
10217-52-4
Hydrazine hydroxide
HYDRAZINE, MONOHYDRATE
Hydrazine, hydrate
Idrazina idrata
CCRIS 7739
UNII-KYD297831P
KYD297831P
hydrazine--water (1/1)
CHEBI:35511
DTXSID901014833
hydrazinium hydroxide
7803-57-8
hydrazine;hydrate
hydraziniumhydroxide
Hydrazine, hydrate (1:1)
MFCD00149931
Idrazina idrata [Italian]
diazane hydrate
hydrazin hydrate
hydrazine hydrat
hyrazine hydrate
hydrate hydrazine
hydrazine-hydrate
hydrazine.hydrate
hydrazine H2O
hydrazin, hydrate
hydrazine. hydrate
hyrazine monohydrate
NH2NH2 hydrate
hydrazine-monohydrate
NH2NH2 water
hydrazine mono hydrate
hydrazine mono-hydrate
mono hydrazine hydrate
Hydrazine hydrate (1:1)
H2NNH2 H2O
H2NNH2-H2O
H2NNH2.H2O
NH2NH2 H2O
NH2NH2-H2O
NH2NH2.H2O
H2N-NH2.H2O
NH2-NH2-H2O
NH2-NH2.H2O
DTXSID9037240
HYDRAZINE MONOHYDRATE [MI]
N2 H4 H2 O
BCP32127
STR00022
AKOS015855338
AT41085
NS00113412
A839316
Hydrazine hydrate, reagent grade, N2H4 50-60 %
Hydrazine monohydrate, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
Hydrazine monohydrate, SAJ special grade, >=98.0%
Q3143689
Hydrazine monohydrate, N2H4 64-65 %, reagent grade, 98%
Hydrazine monohydrate pound>>Hydrazinium hydroxide pound>>Hydrazinehydrate