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Phosphoric acid

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Identification
Molecular formula
H3PO4
CAS number
7664-38-2
IUPAC name
[hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl] hydrogen phosphate
State
State

At room temperature, phosphoric acid is commonly found as a dense 85% liquid solution, appearing as a clear liquid. In its anhydrous form, it is a crystalline solid but readily becomes a liquid due to its tendency to absorb water.

Melting point (Celsius)
42.35
Melting point (Kelvin)
315.50
Boiling point (Celsius)
158.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
431.15
General information
Molecular weight
97.99g/mol
Molar mass
97.9940g/mol
Density
1.8850g/cm3
Appearence

Phosphoric acid is a colorless and odorless liquid. In pure form, it is a crystalline solid, but it is commonly found as an 85% aqueous solution. It is hygroscopic and can readily absorb moisture from the air.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of [hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl] hydrogen phosphate: H3PO4

[hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl] hydrogen phosphate, also known as phosphoric acid, is a highly soluble compound in water. Its solubility can be attributed to several factors:

  • Ionic nature: As a triprotic acid, H3PO4 dissociates in water, releasing protons (H+) and phosphate ions (H2PO4-, HPO42-, and PO43-). This ionic character enhances its interaction with water molecules.
  • Hydrogen bonding: The presence of hydroxyl groups (-OH) in the structure allows for effective hydrogen bonding with water, further bolstering its solubility.
  • Temperature dependence: Like many chemical compounds, the solubility of H3PO4 increases with rising temperatures. Therefore, it is advisable to consider the temperature when preparing solutions.

In conclusion, the solubility of [hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl] hydrogen phosphate is significant, making it an essential compound in various applications, especially in biological and industrial processes. As stated, "Phosphoric acid not only dissolves but also acts as a vital player in biochemical pathways and fertilizers." Thus, understanding its solubility is key to harnessing its potential effectively.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about Hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl Hydrogen Phosphate

Hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl hydrogen phosphate, commonly known as phosphoric acid, is a fascinating compound with a variety of applications in both industry and biology. Here are some notable facts about this essential chemical:

  • Role in Biochemistry: Phosphoric acid plays a crucial role in biological systems, particularly in the formation of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is vital for energy transfer within cells.
  • Molecular Structure: This acid consists of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms, highlighting its characteristic tetrahedral geometry that contributes to its unique chemical properties.
  • Industrial Uses: Phosphoric acid is heavily used in the production of fertilizers, food flavoring, and soft drinks, where it contributes to the tangy flavor and acts as a preservative.
  • Versatility: It serves as a reagent in various chemical reactions, including the synthesis of phosphates and phosphonates, making it indispensable in organic chemistry.
  • Acid-Base Behavior: As a triprotic acid, phosphoric acid can donate three protons (H+ ions), providing a range of pH levels useful for different chemical processes.

Due to its wide-ranging applications and significance in life sciences, phosphoric acid continues to be a topic of interest and research in the fields of chemistry and biology. As the famous chemist Michael Faraday once said, "The chemist's greatest gift is the ability to create something new from what he already knows." In this case, the impact of phosphoric acid on both natural and industrial processes is a prime example of that creative potential.

Synonyms
pyrophosphate 2-
dihydrogen diphosphate
[hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl] hydrogen phosphate
diphosphate(2-)
diphosphate(2-) anion
CHEBI:45212
H2P2O7(2-)
NCGC00248841-01
Q27104547