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Iron(II) or Ferrous Iron

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Identification
Molecular formula
Fe2+
CAS number
15483-10-6
IUPAC name
iron(2+)
State
State
Iron in its solid state is typically a lustrous, malleable, and ductile metal with a silvery-gray appearance. In its ferrous ionic state, it is often part of aqueous solutions or compounds rather than in a pure physical state.
Melting point (Celsius)
1 538.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
1 811.00
Boiling point (Celsius)
2 862.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
3 135.00
General information
Molecular weight
55.85g/mol
Molar mass
55.8450g/mol
Density
7.8740g/cm3
Appearence

Iron in its ferrous state, or Iron(II), is typically found in the form of iron(II) salts, which can vary in appearance. These salts usually appear as colored crystals. For example, iron(II) sulfate creates blue-green crystals.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of Iron(II) Ions

Iron(II) ions, denoted as Fe2+, exhibit a range of solubility behaviors that are influenced by various factors. Their solubility is crucial for many biological and environmental processes.

General Solubility Characteristics

  • Water Solubility: Iron(II) ions are generally soluble in water, especially in acidic conditions. The solubility increases with the addition of acids such as hydrochloric acid.
  • Influence of pH: The solubility of Fe2+ decreases significantly in alkaline conditions. At higher pH levels, precipitation of iron hydroxides can occur, leading to reduced solubility.
  • Complexation: The presence of organic ligands, such as citrates or EDTA, can enhance the solubility of iron(II) ions by forming soluble complexes.
  • Temperature Effects: Increased temperatures generally promote higher solubility of Fe2+, although this can vary based on specific conditions.

Environmental and Biological Significance

The solubility of iron(II) ions plays a vital role in both ecological systems and human physiology:

  • Nutrition: Iron(II) is an essential nutrient for many organisms, especially in its bioavailable form, impacting processes such as oxygen transport in blood.
  • Environmental Chemistry: Understanding the solubility of Fe2+ is crucial for predicting its behavior in natural waters, influencing iron cycling and availability in ecosystems.

In summary, the solubility of iron(II) ions is influenced by pH, temperature, and the presence of complexing agents. Managing these factors is critical for applications in both industrial processes and biological systems.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about Iron(II) Ions

Iron(II), also known as ferrous iron, is an essential and fascinating element in the realm of chemistry. Here are some engaging insights into this important ion:

  • Biological Role: Iron(II) plays a crucial role in biological processes, particularly in hemoglobin, the protein responsible for oxygen transport in blood. Without adequate iron levels, organisms can develop anemia.
  • Oxidation State: Iron(II) has a +2 oxidation state, making it a key player in redox reactions. This property allows it to easily participate in electron transfer, which is fundamental in various chemical reactions.
  • Stability and Reactivity: While iron(II) is stable in moist air, it can be easily oxidized to iron(III). This characteristic is essential in applications such as water treatment, where controlling oxidation states is necessary.
  • Complex Formation: Iron(II) ions can form a variety of complexes with ligands, including organic molecules and inorganic ions. These complexes have significant implications in both biological systems and industrial processes.
  • Use in Industry: Iron(II) compounds are widely used in various industrial applications, including the production of fertilizers, pigments, and in wastewater treatment due to their ability to precipitate contaminants.

As the famous chemist Dmitri Mendeleev once noted, "Chemistry is a science of change." Iron(II) showcases this change through its ability to transform and adapt, making it a key player in both biochemistry and technology.

In summary, iron(II) ions are not just chemically interesting, but they are vital to life and industry, emphasizing the intricate connection between chemical elements and biological functions.

Synonyms
Ferrous cation
Ferrous ions
UNII-GW89581OWR
GW89581OWR
Pyrite8137
ferrous ion
Iron(2+)
Fe2+
Iron divalent ion
Ferrous
Iron dication
15438-31-0
Iron, ion (Fe2+)
Iron (II) ion
Iron ion(2+)
Iron (Fe 2+)
Iron(II)
iron(2+) ion
IRON, ION(Fe 2+)
FE (II) ION
Iron(II) ion
Fe+2
Fe(2+)
Limonite
Iron(2+)ions
Taconite
Malleable iron
Wrought iron
iron(II) cation
FeII
Iron(2+) ions
iron (II)
Desferrioxamine & Iron
Fe +2 ion
Iron ion (2+)
Fe(II)
Fe++
Fe +2
DTXSID4042672
SCHEMBL29353707
CHEBI:29033
DB14510
NS00078787
Q428946