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Isocyanic acid

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Identification
Molecular formula

HNCO

CAS number
75-13-8
IUPAC name
isocyanic acid
State
State

Isocyanic acid exists as a volatile liquid or gas at room temperature, which can become a gas rapidly when exposed to the atmosphere due to its low boiling point.

Melting point (Celsius)
-86.40
Melting point (Kelvin)
186.75
Boiling point (Celsius)
23.50
Boiling point (Kelvin)
296.65
General information
Molecular weight
43.03g/mol
Molar mass
43.0280g/mol
Density
1.1890g/cm3
Appearence

Isocyanic acid is a colorless, volatile compound with a sharp, irritating odor. It is known to be extremely reactive and may polymerize or decompose upon contact with surfaces or in the presence of moisture.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of Isocyanic Acid (H1NCO)

Isocyanic acid is a fascinating compound when it comes to its solubility properties. Being a relatively polar molecule due to the presence of the -NCO functional group, isocyanic acid exhibits moderate solubility in water. Here are some key points to consider:

  • Water Solubility: Isocyanic acid is soluble in water to a certain extent, which can be attributed to its ability to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.
  • Organic Solvents: It is also soluble in various organic solvents, including alcohols and ethers, due to its polar nature.
  • Temperature Dependence: The solubility may vary with temperature, often increasing as the temperature rises, which is common for many polar compounds.
  • Concentration Effects: At higher concentrations, precipitation can occur due to the formation of dimers or oligomers, which may lower the effective solubility in solution.

In summary, while isocyanic acid is reasonably soluble in both water and various organic solvents, factors such as temperature and concentration can significantly influence its solubility characteristics. Understanding these details is crucial for applications involving this compound.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts About Isocyanic Acid

Isocyanic acid, a fascinating compound with the formula HNCO, is notable for its unique structure and properties. Here are some key points to pique your interest:

  • Structure: The molecule consists of a hydroxyl group (–OH) bonded to a carbon atom, which is also attached to a nitrogen atom and a carbonyl group (C=O). This arrangement gives isocyanic acid distinct reactivity compared to other carboxylic acids.
  • Reactivity: Isocyanic acid is known for its high reactivity, particularly in nucleophilic addition reactions. It can react with amines to form urea derivatives, making it valuable in organic synthesis.
  • Biological Implications: While isocyanic acid has industrial applications, it also has been implicated in biological pathways, including its potential role in the development of certain diseases. Studies are ongoing to explore these effects.
  • Toxicity: Isocyanic acid is classified as a toxic compound, and exposure can lead to various health issues. Care should be taken while handling it in laboratory settings to ensure proper safety measures are followed.
  • Sources: This compound can be generated through the thermal degradation of urea or by the hydrolysis of isocyanates, showcasing its presence in certain environmental conditions.

In summary, isocyanic acid is a compound of significant scientific interest due to its unique chemical structure, versatile reactivity, and potential biological effects. Its applications in organic chemistry and the necessity of safe handling make it an essential topic for those keen on advancing their knowledge in the field.

Synonyms
Isocyanic acid
75-13-8
Hydrogen isocyanate
isocyansaeure
isozyansaeure
HNCO
oxidoazanediidocarbon
HN=C=O
[C(NH)O]
CHEBI:29202
QKG6U31925
ISOCYANIC ACID [MI]
DTXSID9073884
(C(NH)O)
oxomethanimine
imino-ketone
UNII-QKG6U31925
carboximidoyloxidane
Jhydridonitrato)oxidocarbon
Epitope ID:122970
H N C O
DTXCID1047732
DTXSID00176936
DB-011759
Q25774
Q27110285
616-189-3