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Hydrogen Peroxide

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Identification
Molecular formula
H2O2
CAS number
7722-84-1
IUPAC name
peroxide
State
State

At room temperature, hydrogen peroxide is generally found as a liquid.

Melting point (Celsius)
-0.43
Melting point (Kelvin)
272.72
Boiling point (Celsius)
151.20
Boiling point (Kelvin)
424.35
General information
Molecular weight
34.01g/mol
Molar mass
34.0140g/mol
Density
1.4480g/cm3
Appearence

Hydrogen peroxide is a very pale blue liquid that appears colorless in dilute solution. It is slightly more viscous than water. For consumer products like household bleach, the solution is often clear and water-like.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of Peroxide Compounds

Peroxide compounds, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), exhibit varying solubility characteristics that are essential for their applications in different fields. Generally, the solubility of peroxides in water can be summarized as follows:

  • Highly soluble: Hydrogen peroxide is known to be highly soluble in water, making it useful as a disinfectant and oxidizing agent.
  • Moderate solubility: Some organic peroxides may have moderate solubility rates depending on their structure, leading to diverse industrial applications.
  • Low solubility: Certain metal peroxides display low solubility in water, which can limit their usability as reactants in aqueous solutions.

In general, the solubility of a peroxide is influenced by several factors, including:

  1. Polarity: The more polar the molecule, the higher the solubility in polar solvents like water.
  2. Functional groups: The presence of additional functional groups can enhance or inhibit solubility.
  3. Temperature: Increased temperature often increases solubility, especially for solids.

As a rule of thumb, "like dissolves like," meaning that the solubility of peroxides will largely depend on their chemical structure and their interaction with the solvent. Understanding the precise solubility of different peroxide compounds is crucial for their safe handling and effective application in both laboratory and industrial settings.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts About Peroxides

Peroxides are a fascinating class of compounds known for their unique structure and reactivity. Here are some intriguing aspects that highlight their importance in both industrial applications and biological systems:

  • Definition: Peroxides are characterized by the presence of a peroxide group (–O–O–) within their molecular structure. This leads to many interesting properties and reactions.
  • Common Examples: The most well-known peroxide is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), widely used as a disinfectant and bleach. Other notable peroxides include barium peroxide (BaO2) and sodium peroxide (Na2O2).
  • Oxidizing Agents: Peroxides serve as powerful oxidizing agents, making them essential in various chemical reactions, including organic synthesis and environmental remediation.
  • Role in Biology: In biological systems, peroxides play a dual role. While they can cause oxidative stress, they are also produced as signaling molecules, indicating their importance in cellular processes.
  • Storage and Stability: Due to their instability, particularly in light and heat, many peroxides require careful handling and storage. The potential for decomposition can lead to explosive reactions if not managed properly.
  • Industrial Applications: Beyond their use in disinfection, peroxides are employed in the production of various chemicals, polymers, and even in the textile industry for bleaching purposes.
  • Environmental Impact: Certain peroxides are useful in treating wastewater and degrading pollutants, demonstrating their role in promoting environmental sustainability.

Overall, peroxides are not just intriguing for their chemical properties but also for their diverse applications and significance in both industry and nature. As quoted by chemists, "in understanding peroxides, we unlock a deeper knowledge of both chemical reactions and biological mechanisms."