Skip to main content

Phosphine

ADVERTISEMENT
Identification
Molecular formula
PH3
CAS number
7803-51-2
IUPAC name
phosphane
State
State
Phosphine is primarily found as a gas at room temperature. It is flammable and potentially explosive in air.
Melting point (Celsius)
-132.80
Melting point (Kelvin)
140.30
Boiling point (Celsius)
-87.70
Boiling point (Kelvin)
185.50
General information
Molecular weight
34.00g/mol
Molar mass
34.0000g/mol
Density
1.3794g/cm3
Appearence

Phosphine is a colorless gas. Despite being a gas, it may be produced and observed as a solution in various solvents or as a liquefied compressed gas. In high concentrations, phosphine has a distinct, unpleasant odor characterized as "fishy" or "garlic-like," which is due to other phosphorus-containing impurities. Pure phosphine is odorless.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of Phosphane

Phosphane, also known by its systematic name phosphine (PH3), is a colorless gas that exhibits notable characteristics regarding its solubility:

  • Solubility in Water: Phosphane has limited solubility in water. This is primarily due to its non-polar nature, which does not favor the formation of hydrogen bonds with water molecules.
  • Solubility in Organic Solvents: In contrast, it is significantly more soluble in organic solvents. Some of the preferred solvents include:
    • Ether
    • Benzene
    • Chloroform
  • Temperature Dependence: The solubility of phosphane tends to increase with rising temperature when dissolved in organic solvents, demonstrating a typical behavior of gases.

The overall limited solubility in water makes phosphane a compound that rarely participates in aquatic reactions, whereas its higher affinity for organic media allows for diverse chemical interactions. Understanding the solubility of phosphane is critical in fields such as synthetic chemistry and environmental science, as it informs both the handling and practical applications of this compound.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts About Phosphane

Phosphane, also known as phosphine, is an intriguing compound with unique properties and applications in various fields. As a simple chemical compound consisting of phosphorus and hydrogen, it possesses a fascinating profile that captures the interest of chemists and scientists alike.

Key Characteristics

  • Toxicity: Phosphane is known for being a highly toxic gas, characterized by a distinctive odor reminiscent of rotten fish. It poses significant health risks, underscoring the importance of handling it with care.
  • Flammability: This compound is flammable, and its ability to form explosive mixtures with air makes it a compound of concern within industrial settings.
  • Synthesis: Phosphane can be synthesized through several methods, including the reaction of alkali metals with phosphorus, thereby providing various pathways for its production.

Applications

The utility of phosphane extends into several domains:

  • Used in the production of organophosphorus compounds, which are crucial in the agricultural sector as pesticides and herbicides.
  • Serves as a reducing agent in chemical reactions, especially in the preparation of complex organic molecules.
  • Emerging applications in the field of semiconductors and as a dopant, showcasing its importance in the technology sector.

Caution and Environmental Impact

Given its toxic nature, proper safety measures must be adopted when working with phosphane. Its environmental impact is also a topic of research, primarily focusing on how it interacts and affects ecosystems. Scientists are examining ways to mitigate any potential adverse effects associated with its use.

As noted by researchers, "Understanding phosphane is not only crucial from a chemical perspective but also essential for ensuring safety and promoting sustainable practices in its applications."

Overall, phosphane is a compound that may seem simple at first glance, yet it embodies a myriad of complexities that make it a topic of great interest within the scientific community.

Synonyms
PHOSPHORUS32
phosphorus-32 atom
(~32~P)Phosphane
SCHEMBL29350820
SCHEMBL29887265
DTXSID80932734
DB14551
(32)P
C19162
(32)15P
Q2174657