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Sodium Cyanide

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Identification
Molecular formula
NaCN
CAS number
143-33-9
IUPAC name
sodium;cyanide
State
State

At room temperature, sodium cyanide is predominantly found in the solid state.

Melting point (Celsius)
563.70
Melting point (Kelvin)
836.90
Boiling point (Celsius)
1 496.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
1 769.00
General information
Molecular weight
49.01g/mol
Molar mass
49.0070g/mol
Density
1.5950g/cm3
Appearence

Sodium cyanide typically appears as a white crystalline solid. It may come in the form of small lumps or granules. In its solid state, it has a resemblance to table salt, though distinct in its crystalline structure.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of Sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) is an intriguing compound that exhibits high solubility in water. This characteristic has important implications in various chemical processes and applications.

Key Points on Solubility:

  • Extremely Soluble: Sodium cyanide is known to dissolve in water at a rate of approximately 50 grams per liter at room temperature, making it highly soluble.
  • Polarity: The polar nature of sodium ions (Na+) and cyanide ions (CN-) plays a crucial role in facilitating the dissolving process.
  • Reaction with Water: Upon dissolution, sodium cyanide dissociates into its constituent ions, contributing to its significant ionic strength.
  • Temperature Dependency: Solubility can increase with temperature, so warm water can further enhance its dissolution rate.

Overall, the high solubility of sodium cyanide in water is a defining feature, leading to its prevalent use in various industrial applications, while also necessitating careful handling due to its toxicity. Understanding its solubility helps in managing those risks effectively.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about Sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide is a chemical compound that holds significant importance in various industries, particularly in mining and chemistry. It is often recognized for its potential hazards but also for its utility in specific applications. Here are some fascinating insights:

  • Key Applications: Sodium cyanide is primarily used in large-scale gold mining operations, where it facilitates the extraction of gold from ore through a process known as cyanidation.
  • Pivotal Chemical Usage: It serves as a feedstock for producing other chemicals, including sodium cyanide salts and various organic compounds.
  • Historical Significance: The compound gained notoriety in the late 19th century when it became a pivotal reagent in the extraction of metals, revolutionizing mining practices.
  • Toxicity Considerations: It is essential to treat sodium cyanide with caution as it is highly toxic. Even in small amounts, it can disrupt cellular respiration by inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase, an enzyme critical for cellular energy production.
  • Safety Measures: Due to its lethal nature, industries handling sodium cyanide must implement rigorous safety protocols, including the use of protective gear and proper storage methods.
  • Legislation and Regulation: Governments around the world have established strict regulations governing the handling and disposal of sodium cyanide to mitigate its environmental impact and protect public health.

In the field of chemistry, the cyanide ion (CN) is an interesting case of a ligand that can form complexes with various metals. The versatility of sodium cyanide not only highlights its industrial value but also serves as a reminder of the intricate balance between utility and safety in chemical practices.


In summary, sodium cyanide exemplifies a compound that is as controversial as it is valuable, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of both its applications and its associated risks.

Synonyms
SODIUM CYANIDE
143-33-9
Cymag
Cyanogran
Cyanide of sodium
Cyanasalt H
Cyanasalt S
Sodium cyanide (Na(CN))
NaCN
Cyanobrik
Kyanid sodny
Cianuro di sodio
Cyanure de sodium
Hydrocyanic acid, sodium salt
sodium;cyanide
Caswell No. 758
Sodium cyanide [ISO]
M-44 cyanide capsules
RCRA waste number P106
Natriumcyanid
Natriumzyanid
CCRIS 7712
HSDB 734
UNII-O5DDB9Z95G
EINECS 205-599-4
O5DDB9Z95G
NSC 77379
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 074002
BRN 3587243
NSC-77379
CHEMBL1644697
DTXSID4024309
CHEBI:33192
EC 205-599-4
Cyanide, Sodium
Kyanid sodny [Czech]
Cianuro di sodio [Italian]
Cyanure de sodium [French]
Cyanure de sodium [ISO-French]
UN1689
RCRA waste no. P106
cyanosodium
sodium-cyanide
cyano sodium
sodium cyanide-
Prussiate of soda
Caswell No 758
Sodium cyanide, solid
NATRIUM CYANIDE
Sodium cyanide, granular
Sodium Cyanide ACS grade
WLN: NA CN
WLN: NC-NA-
SODIUM CYANIDE [MI]
SODIUM CYANIDE [HSDB]
DTXCID604309
SODIUM CYANIDE(NA(CN))
SODIUM CYANIDE, (SOLID)
RTVFYQXEHKQMKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
NSC77379
Sodium cyanide, reagent grade, 97%
AKOS009159016
Sodium cyanide [UN1689] [Poison]
Sodium cyanide, ACS reagent, >=95.0%
NS00075633
Sodium cyanide, SAJ first grade, >=90.0%
C18673
Sodium cyanide, JIS special grade, >=97.0%
Sodium cyanide, purum p.a., >=96.0% (AT)
Q410185
205-599-4