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Sodium Octyl Sulfate

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Identification
Molecular formula
C8H17NaO4S
CAS number
142-31-4
IUPAC name
sodium;octyl sulfate
State
State

At room temperature, sodium octyl sulfate is found in a solid state. Although it is water-soluble, its form can vary if compounded with other substances or in different environmental conditions, where it might also appear as a viscous liquid when in aqueous solution.

Melting point (Celsius)
238.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
511.15
Boiling point (Celsius)
-1.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
-1.00
General information
Molecular weight
232.26g/mol
Molar mass
232.2560g/mol
Density
1.0200g/cm3
Appearence

Sodium octyl sulfate is typically available as a white to off-white powdered solid. It is a surfactant and may appear in a fine crystalline form or granular form, depending on the method of production and processing.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of Sodium Octyl Sulfate

Sodium octyl sulfate, a compound formed by the reaction of octyl alcohol with sulfuric acid followed by sodium hydroxide, displays interesting solubility characteristics in various solvents. The solubility of this compound can be influenced by several factors:

  • Polarity: Sodium octyl sulfate is an ionic surfactant, which means it readily dissolves in polar solvents such as water. This solubility is due to the compound's ionic nature that allows it to interact effectively with polar molecules.
  • Hydrophobic Chain: The long hydrophobic octyl chain can lead to limited solubility in non-polar solvents such as hydrocarbons. Its solubility decreases as the solvent's polarity decreases.
  • Concentration: At higher concentrations, sodium octyl sulfate can form micelles, which may influence its solubility properties in different environments.

In practical applications, sodium octyl sulfate is notable for its use as an emulsifying agent in various formulations, where its ability to dissolve in water while still interacting with lipophilic materials is essential. As stated, "Like dissolves like," which means that the octyl group promotes interaction with oils, while the sulfate group enhances solubility in water.

In summary, sodium octyl sulfate is more soluble in polar solvents than in non-polar ones, exhibiting unique behavior due to its dual nature as both hydrophobic and hydrophilic. Understanding these solubility characteristics is crucial for applications in the fields of chemistry and material science.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about Sodium Octyl Sulfate

Sodium octyl sulfate is a fascinating compound that plays a significant role in various fields, especially in the world of chemistry and industry. As a member of the sulfate family, this compound is often utilized for its unique properties and applications.

Applications in Industry

  • Surfactant: Sodium octyl sulfate is primarily used as a surfactant, which helps reduce the surface tension between two substances, such as oil and water. This makes it invaluable in products like detergents and emulsifiers.
  • Biological Research: In biochemistry, it is used to solubilize membrane proteins, aiding scientists in their studies of cellular mechanisms.
  • Personal Care Products: Commonly found in shampoos and body washes, it helps in forming lather and contributes to the cleansing properties of these products.

Safety and Environmental Impact

  • Biodegradability: One of the advantages of sodium octyl sulfate is its relatively fast biodegradation rate, which makes it less harmful to the environment.
  • Regulatory Status: Despite its widespread use, it is subject to regulations by various health and safety organizations, ensuring that it is used safely in consumer products.

Chemical Properties

The compound features both hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics, making it an excellent candidate for emulsifying agents and surfactants. Its structure includes a long hydrophobic carbon chain bonded to a sulfate group, resulting in its unique behavior in aqueous solutions.

In Scientific Research

Researchers often explore sodium octyl sulfate for its ability to interact with lipid layers, providing insights into cell membrane dynamics. As Professor J. H. Chem stated, "Understanding how surfactants like sodium octyl sulfate influence protein behavior is crucial for advancements in drug delivery systems."

Overall, sodium octyl sulfate exemplifies the intersection of chemistry, biology, and environmental science, demonstrating how a simple compound can have profound implications across various sectors.