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Sodium perchlorate

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Identification
Molecular formula
NaClO4
CAS number
7601-89-0
IUPAC name
sodium;perchlorate
State
State

At room temperature, sodium perchlorate exists as a white crystalline solid. It remains stable under standard conditions but may become hazardous when exposed to high temperatures or reactive substances due to its strong oxidizing properties.

Melting point (Celsius)
468.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
741.15
Boiling point (Celsius)
482.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
755.15
General information
Molecular weight
122.44g/mol
Molar mass
122.4400g/mol
Density
2.4990g/cm3
Appearence

Sodium perchlorate typically appears as a white crystalline solid. The crystals are often large and well-formed due to the ionic nature of the compound. Its powder form is also commonly observed. The compound is odorless and highly soluble in water, contributing to its clear solution when dissolved.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of Sodium Perchlorate

Sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) is highly soluble in water, making it an important compound in various applications. Its solubility characteristics can be attributed to several factors:

  • Polarity: The ionic nature of sodium perchlorate allows it to readily dissolve in polar solvents like water.
  • Hydration Energy: Upon dissolution, the separation of sodium ions (Na+) and perchlorate ions (ClO4-) is accompanied by significant hydration energy, further promoting solubility.
  • Temperature Dependence: The solubility of sodium perchlorate increases with temperature, which can be advantageous in certain industrial processes.

Furthermore, it’s worth noting that sodium perchlorate can also interact with various other compounds in solution, potentially affecting the solubility of those species as well. It’s often regarded as having a high solubility limit in water, commonly exceeding:

  • Over 200 g per liter at room temperature.
  • Increased solubility observed at elevated temperatures.

This extensive solubility is particularly useful in fields such as chemistry and materials science, allowing sodium perchlorate to serve as a reliable reagent. Its behavior in aqueous solutions is a vital aspect to consider when utilizing it in various chemical processes."

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts About Sodium Perchlorate

Sodium perchlorate is a fascinating compound with a variety of important applications, particularly in the fields of chemistry and engineering. Here are some intriguing facts about this compound:

  • High Oxidizing Potential: Sodium perchlorate is known for its exceptional oxidizing properties. This makes it a critical component in the formulation of solid rocket propellants and explosives.
  • Stability: Despite being a strong oxidizer, sodium perchlorate is relatively stable under normal conditions. This stability is beneficial for storage and handling, especially in contrast to other more volatile oxidizers.
  • Presence in the Environment: Sodium perchlorate can be found in varying concentrations within the environment, particularly in arid regions. It has been detected in contaminated water sources, raising concerns for environmental health.
  • Uses in Industry: Beyond its role in propellants, sodium perchlorate is utilized in the manufacturing of chlorate and as an oxidizing agent in various chemical reactions.
  • Analytical Chemistry: In the laboratory, sodium perchlorate serves as a reagent, aiding in chromatographic techniques and other analytical methods to separate and identify substances.
  • Safety Considerations: Due to its oxidizing nature, sodium perchlorate must be handled with care. It is essential to avoid contact with combustible materials to prevent unintended reactions.

Sodium perchlorate exemplifies the dual nature of chemical compounds, embodying both potential and responsibility. As with many powerful substances, understanding its properties, uses, and environmental impact is vital for scientists and engineers alike. As one researcher noted, "With great power comes great responsibility," a reminder of the care required in working with such reactive materials.